Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'proliferation'

English Word: proliferation

Key Russian Translations:

• распространение [rəsprəˈstrænʲɪjə] - [Formal]

Frequency: Medium (Commonly encountered in formal discussions, news, and academic texts, but not everyday conversation)

Difficulty: B2 (Upper Intermediate; Requires understanding of abstract concepts and formal vocabulary)

Pronunciation (Russian):

распространение: [rəsprəˈstrænʲɪjə]

Note on распространение: The stress falls on the fourth syllable ("strænʲ"), which is a common challenge for non-native speakers. Pronunciation may vary slightly in fast speech.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

The rapid increase or spread of something, especially weapons, ideas, or cells.

Translation(s) & Context:

• распространение - Used in formal contexts, such as nuclear proliferation or the spread of information; appropriate for scientific, political, or academic discussions.

Usage Examples:

• Распространение ядерного оружия представляет глобальную угрозу для мира.

  The proliferation of nuclear weapons poses a global threat to peace.

• В биологии, распространение клеток является ключевым процессом в росте тканей.

  In biology, the proliferation of cells is a key process in tissue growth.

• Интернет способствует распространению дезинформации среди населения.

  The internet facilitates the proliferation of misinformation among the population.

• Правительства должны контролировать распространение опасных технологий.

  Governments must control the proliferation of dangerous technologies.

• Экономический кризис привел к распространению нищеты в регионе.

  The economic crisis led to the proliferation of poverty in the region.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

"Распространение" is a neuter noun in the third declension. It follows standard Russian noun inflection patterns, which are regular but require attention to cases and numbers. Below is a table of its inflections:

Note: The plural forms are less commonly used and may vary slightly in poetic or archaic contexts, but they follow regular patterns.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • распространение (general spread)
  • размножение (specifically for biological proliferation, e.g., cell growth)
  • расширение (expansion, with a connotation of growth in scale)
  Note: "Размножение" is more precise for living organisms, while "распространение" is broader.
• Antonyms:
  • сокращение (reduction)
  • ограничение (limitation)

Related Phrases:

• Ядерное распространение - Nuclear proliferation; Refers to the spread of nuclear weapons technology.
• Распространение информации - Dissemination of information; Common in media and communication contexts.
• Массовое распространение - Mass proliferation; Used for widespread distribution, e.g., of ideas or products.

Usage Notes:

"Распространение" directly corresponds to "proliferation" in formal English contexts, particularly in scientific, political, or technical discussions. It is typically used in neutral or formal registers and avoids slang. When choosing this translation, consider the context: for biological processes, "размножение" might be more accurate. Grammatically, it must agree with case, number, and gender in sentences, as Russian nouns do. For example, use the genitive case after prepositions like "из-за" (because of). English learners should note that Russian often requires articles or prepositions that English omits.

Common Errors:

• Error: Using "проliferation" as a direct transliteration without adaptation. Correct: Stick to "распространение" for natural Russian. Example of error: "Проliferation ядерного оружия" (awkward). Correct: "Распространение ядерного оружия". Explanation: Russian prefers native words over direct borrowings unless in specialized fields.

• Error: Incorrect case usage, e.g., using nominative in a genitive context. Example of error: "Из-за распространение" (wrong). Correct: "Из-за распространения". Explanation: Always check the required case based on the governing word.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture and history, "распространение" often appears in contexts related to Cold War-era discussions, such as the proliferation of nuclear arms during the Soviet period. It carries connotations of global security and international relations, reflecting Russia's historical emphasis on arms control treaties like the Non-Proliferation Treaty.

Related Concepts:

• Ядерное разоружение (Nuclear disarmament)
• Гонка вооружений (Arms race)
• Информационная война (Information warfare)