Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'prohibitive'

English Word: prohibitive

Key Russian Translations:

• запретительный [zəprʲɪˈtʲitʲɪlʲnɨj] - [Formal]
• запрещающий [zəprʲɪˈʃt͡ɕaɭʲʂɨj] - [Informal, often in spoken language]

Frequency: Medium (commonly used in legal, economic, and regulatory contexts, but not everyday conversation)

Difficulty: B2 (Intermediate; requires understanding of Russian adjectives and their inflections, though the root is straightforward for learners at this level)

Pronunciation (Russian):

запретительный: [zəprʲɪˈtʲitʲɪlʲnɨj]

Note on запретительный: The stress falls on the fourth syllable ("ти"). Be cautious with the palatalized 'т' sound, which is a common challenge for English speakers. Pronounce it with a soft, almost 'ty' sound.

запрещающий: [zəprʲɪˈʃt͡ɕaɭʲʂɨj]

Note on запрещающий: The 'щ' sound is a soft, hissing 'sh' with a prolonged quality; it's softer than the English 'sh' in "shoe".

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning 1: Tending to prohibit, prevent, or make something impossible due to cost or restrictions (e.g., prohibitive costs).

Translation(s) & Context:

• запретительный - Used in formal contexts like economics or law, to describe something that acts as a barrier (e.g., high taxes).
• запрещающий - Applied in more everyday or informal settings, such as rules or personal prohibitions.

Usage Examples:

• Запретительный налог на импорт сделал этот товар недоступным для большинства потребителей.

  The prohibitive tax on imports made this product inaccessible to most consumers.

• В новом законе введены запрещающие меры, чтобы предотвратить экологические нарушения.

  The new law introduces prohibitive measures to prevent environmental violations.

• Цены на жилье в центре города запретительные, поэтому многие переезжают в пригород.

  Housing prices in the city center are prohibitive, so many people are moving to the suburbs.

• Запрещающий сигнал светофора остановил движение на перекрестке.

  The prohibitive signal from the traffic light halted traffic at the intersection.

• Его запретительный стиль управления вызвал недовольство среди сотрудников.

  His prohibitive management style caused dissatisfaction among the employees.

Meaning 2: Serving as a prohibition or restriction (e.g., in regulations).

Translation(s) & Context:

• запретительный - Common in official documents or formal writing, emphasizing legal barriers.

Usage Examples:

• Запретительный декрет правительства ограничил импорт иностранных товаров.

  The prohibitive decree from the government restricted the import of foreign goods.

• В контракте есть запретительный пункт, запрещающий разглашение конфиденциальной информации.

  The contract includes a prohibitive clause that forbids the disclosure of confidential information.

• Запретительный режим в парке не позволяет въезд автомобилей.

  The prohibitive regime in the park does not allow vehicle entry.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

Both primary translations are adjectives, which inflect based on gender, number, and case in Russian. Adjectives like "запретительный" and "запрещающий" follow standard first-declension patterns for hard-stem adjectives. They agree with the nouns they modify.

For "запрещающий", the inflections are similar but may vary slightly in informal use. These adjectives do not have irregular forms.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms: запрещающий (similar but more action-oriented), ограничивающий (emphasizes limitation, often used interchangeably in economic contexts)
• Antonyms: разрешительный (permissive, allowing)

Related Phrases:

• Запретительный налог - A tax that acts as a barrier (e.g., making something too expensive).
• Запретительный режим - A prohibitive regime or system (e.g., strict regulations in a country).
• Запрещающий сигнал - A prohibitive signal (e.g., in traffic or warnings).

Usage Notes:

"Запретительный" directly corresponds to the English "prohibitive" in formal contexts, such as economics or law, and is preferred in written Russian. Use "запрещающий" for more dynamic or action-based prohibitions. Be mindful of gender and case agreement when modifying nouns. In everyday speech, these words are less common than in professional settings, so learners should practice in context-specific scenarios like business discussions.

Common Errors:

• Common Error: Confusing "запретительный" with "запретный" (which means "forbidden" or "prohibited" in a more absolute sense, like a banned item). Incorrect: "Запретный налог" (This implies the tax itself is forbidden, not just prohibitive). Correct: "Запретительный налог" – Explanation: Use "запретительный" for something that prevents due to cost or restriction, not for items that are outright banned.

• Common Error: Forgetting adjective agreement, e.g., saying "запретительный дом" instead of "запретительная мера" for feminine nouns. Correct: Ensure the adjective matches the noun's gender, number, and case for grammatical accuracy.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture and bureaucracy, prohibitive measures like high taxes or strict regulations are often associated with historical contexts, such as Soviet-era controls. This reflects a broader cultural emphasis on state regulation, which can make words like "запретительный" feel more pervasive in discussions of policy or daily life, helping English speakers understand the nuanced role of authority in Russian society.

Related Concepts:

• регулирование
• ограничение
• запрет