Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'program'

English Word: program

Key Russian Translations:

• программа (/prɐˈɡramə/) - [Formal, Singular, Used in contexts like software, TV schedules, or educational plans]
• передача (/pʲɪrʲɪˈdat͡ɕə/) - [Informal/Semi-formal, Often used for TV or radio broadcasts]

Frequency: High (This word is commonly encountered in everyday Russian, especially in media, technology, and education contexts.)

Difficulty: B1 (Intermediate, based on CEFR; for "программа", it's straightforward for learners with basic noun declensions; for "передача", it may vary slightly due to its verb-derived form.)

Pronunciation (Russian):

программа: /prɐˈɡramə/

передача: /pʲɪrʲɪˈdat͡ɕə/

Note on программа: The stress is on the second syllable; be careful with the rolled 'r' and the soft 'g' sound, which can be tricky for English speakers. Variations may occur in fast speech.

Note on передача: The 'ч' is a palatalized 'ch' sound; it's softer than in English "church".

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning 1: A planned series of events or activities, such as a TV show or schedule

Translation(s) & Context:

• программа - Used in formal contexts like TV listings or event planning, e.g., in media or public announcements.
• передача - More informal, often for broadcast media like radio or TV episodes.

Usage Examples:

• Я смотрю интересную программу на канале "Россия-1".

  I'm watching an interesting program on the Russia-1 channel.

• Эта передача рассказывает о истории России.

  This program discusses the history of Russia.

• В программе вечера запланированы танцы и музыка.

  The evening program includes dances and music.

• Передача начинается в 8 часов и продлится час.

  The program starts at 8 o'clock and lasts for an hour.

• Моя любимая программа - это новости на утреннем шоу.

  My favorite program is the news on the morning show.

Meaning 2: A set of instructions for a computer or software

Translation(s) & Context:

• программа - Common in technical or educational contexts, such as software development or IT discussions.

Usage Examples:

• Эта программа помогает редактировать фото на компьютере.

  This program helps edit photos on the computer.

• Я установил новую программу для работы с документами.

  I installed a new program for working with documents.

• Программа обновилась автоматически в фоне.

  The program updated automatically in the background.

• В этой программе есть функция для создания анимаций.

  This program has a feature for creating animations.

• Студенты изучают, как писать программы на Python.

  Students are learning how to write programs in Python.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

For "программа" (a feminine noun), it follows the standard first-declension pattern in Russian. It changes based on case and number. Below is a table of its inflections:

For "передача" (also a feminine noun), it has similar inflections but is derived from a verb, so it may show variations in certain contexts. It is generally invariable in plural forms for some uses.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • план (/plan/) - More general, meaning a plan or scheme; often used interchangeably in non-technical contexts.
  • шоу (/ʂoʊ/) - Informal synonym for entertainment programs like TV shows.
• Antonyms:
  • хаос (/xaˈos/) - Implies disorder or randomness, contrasting with structured programs.
  • импровизация (/ɪmprəvɪˈzatsjə/) - Suggests spontaneity, opposite to a planned program.

Related Phrases:

• Телевизионная программа - Television program; a common phrase for TV schedules.
• Компьютерная программа - Computer program; used in tech contexts to specify software.
• Программа тренировок - Training program; refers to fitness or exercise routines, with a connotation of structured planning.
• Вечерняя программа - Evening program; often for events or broadcasts, highlighting time-specific usage.

Usage Notes:

In Russian, "программа" directly corresponds to the English "program" in most contexts but is more versatile, covering both software and scheduled events. It is neutral in formality and widely used in daily life. For TV-related meanings, "передача" might be preferred in informal speech to emphasize broadcasting. When choosing between translations, opt for "программа" in technical or formal settings, and note that Russian nouns require case agreement (e.g., in prepositional phrases like "в программе"). Avoid direct word-for-word translations; instead, consider the context to ensure natural usage.

• Grammar tip: Always decline the noun based on its role in the sentence, as Russian is a highly inflected language.
• Context tip: In business or education, "программа" often implies a structured plan, similar to English, but it can carry a cultural emphasis on organization in Russian society.

Common Errors:

English learners often misuse case endings, such as saying "в программа" instead of the correct "в программе" (in the program). Error: "Я работаю в программа." (Incorrect) Correct: "Я работаю в программе." Explanation: The prepositional case requires the ending "-е" for feminine nouns like "программа". Another common mistake is confusing "программа" with "передача"; for example, using "программа" for a live TV show when "передача" is more idiomatic. Error: "Смотри эта программа сейчас." (Awkward) Correct: "Смотри эту передачу сейчас." This happens because English doesn't distinguish as finely, so learners should practice context-specific vocabulary.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, "программа" often reflects the value placed on structure and planning, especially in media and education. For instance, state TV programs (e.g., on channels like Channel One) play a significant role in disseminating cultural and historical narratives, tying into Russia's emphasis on national identity and collective activities.

Related Concepts:

• план
• расписание
• курс
• шоу