Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'printmaking'

English Word: printmaking

Key Russian Translations:

• гравюра /ɡrɐˈvʲurə/ - [Formal, used in artistic and professional contexts]
• печатная графика /ˈpʲeʧətnəj ɡrɐˈfʲikə/ - [Formal, broader term for print-based art techniques]

Frequency: Medium (commonly used in art, education, and cultural discussions, but less frequent in everyday conversation)

Difficulty: B2 (Intermediate; requires familiarity with art terminology and basic Russian grammar, as it involves nouns with declensions)

Pronunciation (Russian):

гравюра: /ɡrɐˈvʲurə/

печатная графика: /ˈpʲeʧətnəj ɡrɐˈfʲikə/

Note on гравюра: The stress is on the second syllable; be careful with the soft 'вʲ' sound, which is a common challenge for English speakers. Variations in regional accents may soften the vowels slightly.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

The art or process of creating prints using techniques like engraving, etching, or lithography.

Translation(s) & Context:

• гравюра - Used in formal art discussions, such as describing historical or contemporary printmaking techniques in museums or academic settings.
• печатная графика - Applied in broader contexts, like educational materials or art critiques, to encompass various printmaking methods.

Usage Examples:

• Русский: В музее есть экспозиция, посвященная гравюре как форме изобразительного искусства.

  English: In the museum, there is an exhibition dedicated to printmaking as a form of visual art.

• Русский: Художник освоил технику печатной графики, чтобы создать серию уникальных оттисков.

  English: The artist mastered printmaking techniques to create a series of unique prints.

• Русский: Гравюра требует точности и терпения, в отличие от цифровой графики.

  English: Printmaking requires precision and patience, unlike digital graphics.

• Русский: В современном искусстве печатная графика сочетается с технологиями для новых экспериментов.

  English: In contemporary art, printmaking is combined with technology for new experiments.

• Русский: Уроки гравюры в школе помогли ученикам понять историю искусства.

  English: Printmaking lessons in school helped students understand art history.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

Both "гравюра" and "печатная графика" are nouns. "Гравюра" is a feminine noun (1st declension), while "печатная графика" is a phrase where "графика" is also feminine. Russian nouns change based on case, number, and gender. Below is a table for "гравюра" as an example; "печатная графика" follows similar patterns for its components.

For "печатная графика", the adjective "печатная" agrees with "графика" in case, number, and gender, making it a regular adjective-noun phrase with no irregular changes.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms: гравюрная техника (engraving technique, more specific to methods); литография (lithography, a subset of printmaking)
• Antonyms: живопись (painting, as it involves direct application rather than printing processes); скульптура (sculpture, a three-dimensional art form)

Related Phrases:

• Техника гравюры - Technique of printmaking; refers to the methods used in creating prints.
• Современная печатная графика - Contemporary printmaking; used in discussions of modern art innovations.
• История гравюры - History of printmaking; often appears in educational or cultural contexts.

Usage Notes:

"Гравюра" directly corresponds to traditional printmaking techniques in English, making it the preferred translation in formal settings, while "печатная графика" is better for broader or modern applications. Be mindful of context: use these terms in artistic or academic discussions, as they are formal. Grammatically, ensure adjectives agree with nouns in case and gender. When choosing between translations, opt for "гравюра" if focusing on historical art, and "печатная графика" for contemporary or digital integrations.

Common Errors:

• Error: Confusing "гравюра" with "гравировка" (engraving as in metalwork). Correct: Гравюра (printmaking art). Explanation: "Гравировка" is more mechanical, so use "гравюра" for artistic contexts to avoid implying industrial processes.
• Error: Forgetting to decline the noun, e.g., saying "в гравюра" instead of "в гравюре". Correct: В гравюре (in printmaking). Explanation: Russian requires proper case endings; this is a common mistake for English speakers unused to declensions.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, printmaking has historical significance through artists like Ivan Shishkin and the Soviet-era graphic artists, who used techniques like woodcut and lithography to depict national themes. "Гравюра" often evokes a sense of heritage, appearing in folk art and propaganda posters, reflecting Russia's rich artistic traditions and the democratization of art through reproducible prints.

Related Concepts:

• графика
• искусство
• художник