Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'presumable'

English Word: presumable

Key Russian Translations:

• предполагаемый [prɪd.pəˈlɑː.ɡə.mɨj] - [Formal, Adjective]

Frequency: Medium (This word is encountered in formal writing, such as legal or academic contexts, but not in everyday casual conversation.)

Difficulty: B2 (Intermediate, based on CEFR; requires understanding of adjective inflections and hypothetical language structures.)

Pronunciation (Russian):

предполагаемый: [prɪd.pəˈlɑː.ɡə.mɨj]

Note on предполагаемый: The stress falls on the fourth syllable ("ga"), which can be tricky for English speakers due to the Russian stress patterns. Avoid softening the 'g' sound as in English.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning 1: Capable of being presumed or assumed; reasonable to infer based on evidence.

Translation(s) & Context:

• предполагаемый - Used in formal contexts, such as legal documents, scientific reports, or discussions involving hypotheses. It implies something that is logically inferred but not confirmed.

Usage Examples:

• В судебном разбиратстве предполагаемый виновный был допрошен. (In the court proceedings, the presumable guilty party was interrogated.)

  In the court proceedings, the presumable guilty party was interrogated.

• Предполагаемый исход эксперимента основан на предыдущих данных. (The presumable outcome of the experiment is based on prior data.)

  The presumable outcome of the experiment is based on prior data.

• В романе предполагаемый герой скрывает свою истинную идентичность. (In the novel, the presumable hero hides his true identity.)

  In the novel, the presumable hero hides his true identity.

• Предполагаемая причина задержки — технические неисправности. (The presumable cause of the delay is technical malfunctions.)

  The presumable cause of the delay is technical malfunctions.

• Предполагаемый возраст артефакта составляет несколько тысяч лет. (The presumable age of the artifact is several thousand years.)

  The presumable age of the artifact is several thousand years.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

Предполагаемый is an adjective in Russian, which means it inflects based on gender, number, and case. Russian adjectives follow standard patterns for most cases, but they can be irregular in certain forms. Below is a table showing its inflections:

Note: This adjective follows the standard hard-stem pattern, so it is relatively regular. If the word is used predicatively, it may not inflect as fully.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • вероятный (veroyatnyy) - Similar but emphasizes higher probability.
  • предположительный (predpolozhitel'nyy) - Often used interchangeably, but more common in everyday contexts.
• Antonyms:
  • непредполагаемый (nepredpolagaemyy) - Directly opposite, meaning not presumable or unlikely.
  • невероятный (neveroyatnyy) - Means improbable or unlikely.

Related Phrases:

• предполагаемый виновный - (Presumable guilty party; Used in legal contexts to refer to a suspect based on evidence.)
• предполагаемая причина - (Presumable cause; Common in scientific or investigative scenarios.)
• предполагаемый исход - (Presumable outcome; Often in planning or hypothesis discussions.)

Usage Notes:

Предполагаемый is a formal adjective that directly corresponds to the English "presumable" in contexts involving inference or assumption without concrete proof. It is typically used in written Russian, such as in reports, articles, or official documents, rather than spoken language. When choosing between synonyms like "вероятный," opt for предполагаемый if the assumption is based on logical deduction. Grammatically, always ensure it agrees in gender, number, and case with the noun it modifies, as Russian adjectives must. For English learners, remember that this word carries a neutral connotation and avoids emotional bias.

• Restriction: Avoid in casual conversations; it sounds overly formal.
• Tip: In sentences, it often pairs with verbs like "быть" (to be) for hypothetical statements.

Common Errors:

English learners often confuse "предполагаемый" with "возможный" (possible), thinking they mean the same thing. For example:

• Error: Using "возможный" instead of "предполагаемый" in a context requiring inference, e.g., "Возможный исход" (Possible outcome) when you mean "Presumable outcome."
• Correct Usage: "Предполагаемый исход" – This implies it's based on evidence, whereas "возможный" just means it could happen. Explanation: "Возможный" is broader and doesn't convey the deductive reasoning inherent in "presumable."
• Another Error: Forgetting to inflect the adjective, e.g., saying "предполагаемый дом" for a feminine noun like "жена" (wife), resulting in "предполагаемый жена" instead of "предполагаемая жена."
• Correct: "Предполагаемая жена" – Always match the adjective to the noun's gender and case.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture and language, words like "предполагаемый" reflect a precision in logical reasoning often seen in legal and scientific fields, influenced by Russia's emphasis on formal education and bureaucracy. It doesn't carry specific cultural idioms but aligns with the Russian linguistic tendency to use adjectives for nuanced assumptions, which can stem from the country's historical focus on philosophy and debate in literature.

Related Concepts:

• вероятность (probability)
• гипотеза (hypothesis)
• доказательство (proof)