Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'polio'

English Word: polio

Key Russian Translations:

• полиомиелит [pəlʲɪomʲɪɛˈlʲit] - [Formal, Medical]

Frequency: Medium (This term is commonly used in medical and health contexts but less so in everyday conversation.)

Difficulty: C1 (Advanced) - Due to its specialized vocabulary and complex pronunciation, it requires a solid understanding of Russian medical terminology and grammar.

Pronunciation (Russian):

полиомиелит: [pəlʲɪomʲɪɛˈlʲit]

Note on полиомиелит: The stress falls on the third-to-last syllable ("мие"), which is a common challenge for learners. Pronounce the "лʲ" as a soft "l" sound, similar to the "l" in "million" in English.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

The infectious disease caused by the poliovirus, leading to paralysis in severe cases.

Translation(s) & Context:

• полиомиелит - Used in formal medical discussions, public health reports, or educational contexts to refer to the disease itself.

Usage Examples:

• Полиомиелит является высоко contagious заболеванием, которое может привести к параличу.

  Polio is a highly contagious disease that can lead to paralysis.

• Вакцина против полиомиелита спасла миллионы жизней по всему миру.

  The vaccine against polio has saved millions of lives worldwide.

• Симптомы полиомиелита включают лихорадку, усталость и мышечную слабость.

  Symptoms of polio include fever, fatigue, and muscle weakness.

• В некоторых регионах мира полиомиелит всё ещё представляет серьёзную угрозу для детей.

  In some regions of the world, polio still poses a serious threat to children.

• Международные организации борются с эрадикацией полиомиелита через глобальные кампании вакцинации.

  International organizations are fighting to eradicate polio through global vaccination campaigns.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

"Полиомиелит" is a masculine noun in Russian, belonging to the third declension. It follows standard patterns for Russian nouns but has some irregularities due to its borrowed origin. Below is a table of its inflections:

Note: The plural form is less commonly used, as the term often refers to the disease in general. It does not change in adjectives or other forms beyond standard nominal inflections.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • детский паралич (infantile paralysis; used in older or informal medical contexts, emphasizing the impact on children)
  • вирусный полиомиелит (viral poliomyelitis; more specific to the viral cause)
• Antonyms: Not applicable, as this is a specific disease term without direct opposites.

Related Phrases:

• Вакцина против полиомиелита - Vaccine against polio (Used in health discussions to refer to preventive measures.)
• Эпидемия полиомиелита - Polio epidemic (Refers to outbreaks, often in historical or current events contexts.)
• Борьба с полиомиелитом - Fight against polio (Common in advocacy and global health campaigns.)

Usage Notes:

This Russian term directly corresponds to the English "polio" as a medical condition, but it is more formally used in Russian as "полиомиелит" in professional settings. It is primarily restricted to formal, scientific, or educational contexts rather than casual conversation. When discussing polio in Russian, ensure the noun agrees with the case required by the sentence structure. For instance, choose "полиомиелит" for nominative subjects but adjust for other cases like genitive ("полиомиелита") in possessive phrases. If multiple translations exist, "полиомиелит" is the most precise and widely accepted; use alternatives like "детский паралич" only for historical or informal references.

Common Errors:

• Mistake: Incorrectly using the plural form unnecessarily, e.g., saying "полиомиелитов" when referring to the disease in general.
  Correct: Use the singular "полиомиелит" for the standard reference.
  Explanation: Russian nouns like this are often uncountable in medical contexts, so over-pluralizing can sound unnatural.
• Mistake: Mispronouncing the stress, e.g., stressing the wrong syllable in speech.
  Correct: Always stress "мие" as [pəlʲɪomʲɪɛˈlʲit].
  Explanation: This can lead to confusion with similar-sounding words, so practice with native audio.
• Mistake: Confusing it with similar terms like "паралич" (paralysis).
  Correct: Use "полиомиелит" specifically for the disease, not just any paralysis.
  Explanation: Learners might generalize, but precision is key in medical Russian.

Cultural Notes:

In Russia and other Russian-speaking countries, "полиомиелит" is often discussed in the context of Soviet-era health campaigns and global eradication efforts led by organizations like WHO. It carries a historical connotation of public health victories, as mass vaccination programs in the mid-20th century significantly reduced its incidence, symbolizing advancements in medicine and international cooperation.

Related Concepts:

• дифтерия (diphtheria)
• менингит (meningitis)
• вакцинация (vaccination)