Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'plaque'

English Word: plaque

Key Russian Translations:

• налет /nɐˈlʲet/ - [Informal, Medical Context]
• табличка /tɐˈblʲitɕkə/ - [Formal, Referring to Commemorative Plaques]

Frequency: Medium (Common in health-related discussions and everyday descriptions)

Difficulty: B1 for 'налет' (Intermediate, as it involves basic noun inflections); B2 for 'табличка' (Upper-Intermediate, due to more varied contexts)

Pronunciation (Russian):

налет: /nɐˈlʲet/ (Stress on the second syllable; the 'лʲ' is a palatalized 'l' sound, common in Russian.)

Note on налет: Be careful with the soft 'лʲ' sound, which may be challenging for English speakers; it softens the preceding vowel.

Audio: []

табличка: /tɐˈblʲitɕkə/ (Stress on the third syllable; the 'чк' ending is a diminutive suffix.)

Note on табличка: The 'чк' sound is a soft, palatalized cluster; practice with native speakers for accuracy.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning 1: Dental or Medical Plaque (e.g., buildup on teeth)

Translation(s) & Context:

• налет - Used in informal health discussions, such as dental hygiene; common in everyday conversations about oral care.

Usage Examples:

• У меня на зубах появился налет от сладкого.

  I have plaque on my teeth from eating sweets.

• Регулярная чистка помогает удалить налет и предотвратить кариес.

  Regular cleaning helps remove plaque and prevent cavities.

• Зубной налет может привести к воспалению десен, если его не лечить.

  Dental plaque can lead to gum inflammation if not treated.

• Врач рекомендовал использовать специальную пасту для борьбы с налетом.

  The doctor recommended using special toothpaste to fight plaque.

Meaning 2: Commemorative or Decorative Plaque (e.g., a sign or plate)

Translation(s) & Context:

• табличка - Used in formal or historical contexts, such as on buildings or memorials; more literal for physical objects.

Usage Examples:

• На стене висит старая табличка с именем основателя.

  An old plaque with the founder's name hangs on the wall.

• Они установили табличку в память о героях войны.

  They installed a plaque in memory of the war heroes.

• Табличка на двери указывает номер квартиры.

  The plaque on the door indicates the apartment number.

• Музей добавил новую табличку с описанием экспоната.

  The museum added a new plaque with a description of the exhibit.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

For 'налет' (a masculine noun):

This word follows standard Russian noun inflections for masculine nouns ending in a consonant. It is not irregular but changes based on case and number.

For 'табличка' (a feminine noun, diminutive form):

This word is a diminutive and follows feminine noun patterns with variations in endings. It is relatively regular.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • налет - осадок (osadok; similar but more general for deposits)
  • табличка - пластинка (plastinka; used for flat plates, with a slight formal connotation)
• Antonyms:
  • For налет: чистота (chistota; meaning cleanliness)
  • For табличка: отсутствие (otsutstvie; meaning absence, in contexts of signage)

Related Phrases:

• Зубной налет (Zubnoy nalet) - Dental plaque; a common phrase in health contexts.
• Памятная табличка (Pamyatnaya tablchka) - Memorial plaque; used for historical or commemorative purposes.
• Удалить налет с поверхности (Udalit nalet s poverkhnosti) - To remove plaque from the surface; implies cleaning in medical or maintenance scenarios.

Usage Notes:

'Налет' is the most direct translation for dental plaque and is commonly used in informal settings, but it can also refer to other types of buildup, so context is key. 'Табличка' aligns more with physical plaques like signs, and it's often diminutive, implying something small or endearing. English speakers should note that Russian nouns require case agreement, which affects sentence structure. For example, choose 'налет' for health topics and 'табличка' for objects; avoid direct word-for-word translation to capture nuances.

Common Errors:

• Error: Using 'налет' incorrectly in non-medical contexts, e.g., saying "налет на стене" to mean a decorative plaque (wrong; use 'табличка'). Correct: "Табличка на стене". Explanation: 'Налет' implies a buildup or layer, not a solid object, leading to confusion.
• Error: Forgetting noun inflections, e.g., saying "удалить налет" in genitive where accusative is needed. Correct: "удалить налет" (already accusative, but ensure context fits). Explanation: Russian requires proper case for objects, so practice with sentences to avoid grammatical errors.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, 'табличка' on historical sites often carries emotional or patriotic significance, as seen in memorials from World War II. 'Налет' in dental contexts reflects a growing emphasis on health awareness in modern Russia, influenced by global trends, but traditional remedies like herbal teas are sometimes culturally preferred over commercial products.

Related Concepts:

• кариес (karies; tooth decay)
• памятник (pamyatnik; monument)
• гигиена (gigiena; hygiene)