Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'pharmacology'

English Word: pharmacology

Key Russian Translations:

• фармакология [fɐrmɐˈkɔləɡʲɪjə] - [Formal, Technical]

Frequency: Medium (Common in scientific, medical, and academic contexts; less frequent in everyday conversation)

Difficulty: C1 (Advanced, due to its technical nature and requirement for understanding specialized vocabulary; suitable for learners with a strong grasp of Russian grammar and terminology)

Pronunciation (Russian):

фармакология: [fɐrmɐˈkɔləɡʲɪjə]

Note on фармакология: The stress falls on the fourth syllable ("ko"), which is common in Russian loanwords from Greek and Latin. Be mindful of the palatalized 'г' sound, which can be challenging for non-native speakers.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

The science of drugs and their effects on living organisms

Translation(s) & Context:

• фармакология - Used in formal academic, medical, and research contexts to refer to the study of drug actions, interactions, and therapeutic uses.

Usage Examples:

• В университете я изучаю фармакологию, чтобы стать фармацевтом.

  In university, I am studying pharmacology to become a pharmacist.

• Фармакология играет ключевую роль в разработке новых лекарств.

  Pharmacology plays a key role in developing new medicines.

• Современная фармакология сочетает химию и биологию для анализа побочных эффектов.

  Modern pharmacology combines chemistry and biology to analyze side effects.

• В курсе фармакологии мы изучаем, как препараты влияют на человеческий организм.

  In the pharmacology course, we study how drugs affect the human body.

• Фармакология помогает предсказывать взаимодействия между лекарствами.

  Pharmacology helps predict interactions between medications.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

Фармакология is a feminine noun (from the first declension group in Russian). It follows standard Russian noun inflection patterns, with changes based on case, number, and gender. As a singular noun, it does not have plural forms in most contexts, but can be pluralized as needed.

Note: The word is invariant in terms of gender and does not change for adjectives unless modified.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • фармацевтика (more focused on the practical application of drugs, often interchangeable in broader contexts)
  • лечебная химия (emphasizes the chemical aspects, with a slight difference in connotation toward therapy)
• Antonyms:
  • токсикология (study of poisons and their effects, contrasting with the therapeutic focus of pharmacology)

Related Phrases:

• Клиническая фармакология - Clinical pharmacology; refers to the application of pharmacology in patient care and drug trials.
• Экспериментальная фармакология - Experimental pharmacology; involves lab-based research on drug effects.
• Фармакология и терапия - Pharmacology and therapy; a common phrase in medical education, highlighting treatment integration.

Usage Notes:

Pharmacology translates directly to "фармакология" in Russian, which is a formal term primarily used in scientific, educational, and professional settings. It corresponds closely to the English concept but may emphasize biochemical mechanisms more in Russian contexts. When using this word, ensure it aligns with the appropriate grammatical case based on sentence structure. For everyday conversations, consider simpler alternatives like "изучение лекарств" if discussing casually. Choose "фармакология" over synonyms like "фармацевтика" when the focus is on drug interactions rather than production.

Common Errors:

• Error: Misusing the genitive case, e.g., saying "изучение фармакология" instead of "изучение фармакологии".

  Correct: "Изучение фармакологии" (The study of pharmacology). Explanation: Russian nouns require the genitive case after prepositions like "изучение" to indicate possession or relation.

• Error: Confusing it with "фармацевт" (pharmacist), leading to incorrect word choice in sentences.

  Correct: Use "фармакология" for the field, not the profession. Example: Wrong: "Я фармакология" (I am pharmacology); Right: "Я изучаю фармакологию" (I study pharmacology). Explanation: This is a common mix-up for English speakers due to similar roots.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture and education, pharmacology has historical ties to Soviet-era medical advancements, where it played a significant role in developing affordable pharmaceuticals. Terms like "фармакология" often carry a connotation of precision and state-supported research, reflecting Russia's emphasis on science in public health.

Related Concepts:

• медицина (medicine)
• биохимия (biochemistry)
• токсикология (toxicology)
• фармацевтика (pharmaceutics)