Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'Peruvian'

English Word: Peruvian

Key Russian Translations:

• Перуанский /pɪˈru.anskʲɪj/ - [Adjective, Formal]
• Перуанка /pɪˈru.ankə/ - [Noun, Feminine, Formal; used for a female Peruvian]
• Перуанец /pɪˈru.anʲɛts/ - [Noun, Masculine, Formal; used for a male Peruvian]

Frequency: Medium (Common in discussions of geography, culture, or demographics, but not everyday casual speech)

Difficulty: B1 (Intermediate; requires basic understanding of Russian adjectives and nouns, but not advanced grammar)

Pronunciation (Russian):

Перуанский: /pɪˈru.anskʲɪj/

Note on Перуанский: The stress falls on the second syllable ("ru"), and the palatalized 'kʲ' sound can be challenging for English speakers, similar to a soft 'k' before 'i'. Practice with native audio for accuracy.

Перуанка: /pɪˈru.ankə/

Note on Перуанка: The final 'a' is a soft, unstressed vowel, common in feminine nouns; avoid over-emphasizing it.

Перуанец: /pɪˈru.anʲɛts/

Note on Перуанец: The 'ʲ' indicates palatalization, making the 'n' sound softer; this is a key feature of Russian masculine nouns.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning 1: Relating to Peru (as an adjective)

Translation(s) & Context:

• Перуанский - Used in formal or descriptive contexts to describe something from or related to Peru, such as culture, food, or people.

Usage Examples:

• Перуанский кухня очень разнообразная и вкусная.

  Peruvian cuisine is very diverse and delicious. (This example shows the adjective in a cultural context, describing nationality-based attributes.)

• Я люблю перуанский фольклор и музыку.

  I love Peruvian folklore and music. (Here, it modifies a noun in a personal preference context.)

• В музее выставлены перуанские артефакты из доколумбовой эпохи.

  In the museum, Peruvian artifacts from the pre-Columbian era are exhibited. (Demonstrates use in historical or educational settings.)

• Перуанский климат варьируется от тропического до горного.

  The Peruvian climate varies from tropical to mountainous. (Illustrates geographical application.)

Meaning 2: A person from Peru (as a noun)

Translation(s) & Context:

• Перуанец (for males) or Перуанка (for females) - Used in formal introductions or demographic discussions to refer to individuals from Peru.

Usage Examples:

• Мой друг — перуанец, он родился в Лиме.

  My friend is a Peruvian; he was born in Lima. (This shows the noun in a personal relationship context, with gender agreement.)

• Перуанка, которую я встретила, рассказала о традициях Анд.

  The Peruvian woman I met told me about the traditions of the Andes. (Highlights feminine form in narrative contexts.)

• Многие перуанцы эмигрировали в Европу в поисках работы.

  Many Peruvians emigrated to Europe in search of work. (Used in plural form for general statements about migration.)

• Известный перуанец, Марио Варгас Льоса, — лауреат Нобелевской премии.

  The famous Peruvian, Mario Vargas Llosa, is a Nobel Prize laureate. (Applies to notable figures in biographical contexts.)

Russian Forms/Inflections:

For adjectives like "Перуанский", it follows standard Russian adjective patterns, which change based on gender, number, and case. It is a regular adjective derived from a proper noun.

For nouns like "Перуанец" (masculine) and "Перуанка" (feminine), they follow first-declension patterns for animate nouns:

• Перуанец: Nominative: Перуанец; Genitive: Перуанца; Dative: Перуанцу; etc. (Regular inflection with no irregularities.)
• Перуанка: Nominative: Перуанка; Genitive: Перуанки; Dative: Перуанке; etc. (Feminine nouns are generally straightforward.)

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • Из Перу (from Peru) - Often used interchangeably in informal contexts; no significant difference.
  • Перувиец/Перувийка (less common variant) - Similar to Перуанец/Перуанка, but slightly more archaic or regional.
• Antonyms:
  • Неиз Перу (not from Peru) - Implies opposition in nationality discussions.

Related Phrases:

• Перуанская культура - Peruvian culture; refers to traditions, art, and history of Peru.
• Перуанский паспорт - Peruvian passport; used in legal or travel contexts.
• Житель Перу - Resident of Peru; a more general phrase for someone living there, with subtle differences in permanence.

Usage Notes:

In Russian, "Перуанский" directly corresponds to the English adjective "Peruvian" when describing attributes of Peru, but always agree in gender, number, and case with the noun it modifies. For nouns, use "Перуанец" for males and "Перуанка" for females to ensure gender accuracy, which is crucial in Russian grammar. These terms are typically formal; in casual speech, Russians might say "из Перу" (from Peru). When choosing between translations, opt for "Перуанский" for non-personal descriptions and the noun forms for individuals. Be mindful of context: in cultural or historical discussions, these words often appear in formal writing or media.

Common Errors:

• Error: Using "Перуанский" without proper gender agreement, e.g., saying "Перуанский женщина" instead of "Перуанская женщина".

  Correct: Перуанская женщина. Explanation: Russian adjectives must match the noun's gender; "женщина" is feminine, so use the feminine form.

• Error: Confusing "Перуанец" and "Перуанский", treating the noun as an adjective, e.g., "Перуанец еда" (meaning Peruvian food).

  Correct: Перуанская еда. Explanation: "Перуанец" is a noun for a person; use the adjective "Перуанская" for objects or concepts.

Cultural Notes:

The term "Перуанский" often evokes images of Peru's rich Inca heritage, diverse landscapes like the Andes and Amazon, and cultural icons such as Machu Picchu. In Russian media, it's frequently associated with Latin American solidarity during the Soviet era, reflecting historical ties between Russia and Peru through diplomacy and trade. This adds a layer of geopolitical connotation beyond its literal meaning.

Related Concepts:

• Андский
• Латинский Америка
• Инка