Russian Translation(s) & Details for '{{perpend}}'

English Word: {{perpend}}

Key Russian Translations:

• добавлять /dɐˈblʲaʐɨtʲ/ - [Verb, Informal, Used in everyday contexts]
• присоединять /prʲɪsɐˈjɛdnʲɪtʲ/ - [Verb, Formal, Used in technical or official contexts]
• прикреплять /prʲɪˈkrʲɛplʲatʲ/ - [Verb, Informal, Used when attaching physically or metaphorically]

Frequency: Medium (Common in written and spoken Russian, especially in educational, technical, or daily communication contexts)

Difficulty: B1 (Intermediate; requires understanding of verb conjugations, as per CEFR. For 'добавлять', it's B1; for 'присоединять', it might be B2 due to more complex forms.)

Pronunciation (Russian):

добавлять: /dɐˈblʲaʐɨtʲ/

Note on добавлять: The stress is on the second syllable; the 'ж' sound (/ʐ/) can be tricky for English speakers, similar to the 's' in "measure". Pay attention to the soft 'л' (/lʲ/), which is palatalized.

Audio: []

присоединять: /prʲɪsɐˈjɛdnʲɪtʲ/

Note on присоединять: The initial 'при-' is pronounced with a soft 'р' (/rʲ/), and the word has a rolling rhythm; common in formal speech.

Audio: []

прикреплять: /prʲɪˈkrʲɛplʲatʲ/

Note on прикреплять: The 'к' is unaspirated; this verb often varies in speed based on context, with potential for elision in casual speech.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Basic Meaning: To add or attach something

Translation(s) & Context:

• добавлять - Used in contexts involving adding elements, like in lists or data; informal and versatile in everyday conversation.
• присоединять - Applied in formal or technical scenarios, such as joining groups or attaching documents; implies a more permanent connection.

Usage Examples:

• Я добавляю новый элемент в список. (Ya dobavlyayu novyy element v spisok.)

  I am appending a new item to the list. (This shows the verb in present tense, in a simple declarative sentence.)

• Пожалуйста, присоедините файл к письму. (Pozhaluysta, prisoyedinite fayl k pismu.)

  Please append the file to the email. (Demonstrates formal imperative form in a professional context.)

• Он прикрепляет фото к сообщению. (On prikreplyaet foto k soobshcheniyu.)

  He is appending a photo to the message. (Illustrates use in digital communication, with third-person singular.)

• Мы добавляем примечания к отчету. (My dobavlyayem primyechaniya k otchyotu.)

  We are appending notes to the report. (Shows plural subject and object in a work-related scenario.)

• Инженер присоединяет кабель к устройству. (Inzhener prisoyedinyayet kabel k ustroystvu.)

  The engineer is appending the cable to the device. (Highlights technical usage with a specific agent.)

Extended Meaning: To include as an addition

Translation(s) & Context:

• прикреплять - In metaphorical senses, like adding emotions or details; informal in creative writing.

Usage Examples:

• К книге прикрепляют иллюстрации. (K knige prikreplyayut illyustratsii.)

  Illustrations are appended to the book. (Example of passive voice in a literary context.)

• Добавить комментарий к посту легко. (Dobavit kommentariy k postu legko.)

  Appending a comment to the post is easy. (Informal, showing infinitive form in social media.)

Russian Forms/Inflections:

These verbs are imperfective and follow standard Russian conjugation patterns for first-conjugation verbs. They are regular but require attention to aspects (imperfective for ongoing actions). Below is a table for 'добавлять' as an example:

For 'присоединять' and 'прикреплять', similar patterns apply, but they are also first-conjugation verbs with no irregularities.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • добавлять: вставить (vstavtit) - More specific to inserting into a sequence.
  • присоединять: подключать (podklachyat) - Implies connecting electrically or logically.
  • прикреплять: закреплять (zakreplyat) - Used for securing or fastening.
• Antonyms:
  • удалять (udalyat) - To remove or delete.
  • отсоединять (otsoedinyat) - To detach or disconnect.

Related Phrases:

• Добавить в конец (Dobavit v konets) - To append to the end; used in programming or lists. (Means adding something at the conclusion.)
• Прикрепить файл (Prikreplyat fayl) - To attach a file; common in email contexts. (Implies securing a document for transmission.)
• Присоединиться к группе (Prisoyedinitis k gruppe) - To join a group; metaphorical for social or organizational appending. (Used in community or team settings.)

Usage Notes:

These translations correspond closely to 'append' in English, but Russian verbs often imply aspect (imperfective for ongoing actions). Use 'добавлять' for informal, everyday additions, and 'присоединять' in formal or technical scenarios to convey permanence. Be mindful of context: in digital tools, 'добавлять' is preferred, while 'прикреплять' suits physical attachments. Grammar note: These verbs require agreement with subject gender and number in past tense.

Common Errors:

• English learners often confuse 'добавлять' with 'добавить' (the perfective form), using it incorrectly for completed actions. Error: "Я добавил файл" when meaning ongoing action. Correct: Use 'добавляю' for imperfective. Explanation: Russian verbs have aspects; perfective implies completion.

• Mixing up 'присоединять' and 'прикреплять' in formal vs. informal settings. Error: Using 'прикреплять' in a business email for logical joining. Correct: Opt for 'присоединять' for abstract connections. Explanation: This can sound too literal or casual.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, the concept of 'appending' or adding elements is evident in literature and folklore, where stories often build upon existing narratives (e.g., in folktales like those of Pushkin). This reflects a broader cultural emphasis on expansion and connection in community and history.

Related Concepts:

• вставлять (vstavtit) - Inserting.
• удалять (udalyat) - Deleting or removing.
• изменять (izmenyat) - Modifying or altering.