Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'permit'

English Word: permit

Key Russian Translations:

• разрешение [rɐzˈrʲeʂənʲɪje] - [Formal, Noun]
• разрешать [rɐzˈrʲeʂətʲ] - [Formal, Verb]
• дозволение [dɐzvɐˈlʲenʲɪje] - [Formal, Less common alternative for noun]

Frequency: Medium (Common in official, legal, and everyday contexts, but not as ubiquitous as basic vocabulary).

Difficulty: B1 (Intermediate; requires understanding of noun declensions and verb conjugations, suitable for learners with basic Russian grammar knowledge. For 'разрешать' as a verb, it may be B2 due to aspectual variations.)

Pronunciation (Russian):

разрешение: [rɐzˈrʲeʂənʲɪje]

разрешать: [rɐzˈrʲeʂətʲ]

дозволение: [dɐzvɐˈlʲenʲɪje]

Note on разрешение: The 'ш' sound (IPA: ʂ) can be tricky for English speakers; it's a voiceless retroflex fricative, similar to the 'sh' in 'she' but more retracted. Stress falls on the third syllable.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning 1: An official document or authorization (Noun form)

Translation(s) & Context:

• разрешение - Used in formal contexts like legal documents, permissions for events, or travel visas.
• дозволение - A more archaic or literary alternative, often in historical or bureaucratic settings.

Usage Examples:

• Вы должны получить разрешение от властей для строительства дома.

  You must obtain a permit from the authorities to build a house.

• Без разрешения на ввоз, товар не пропустят через границу.

  Without an import permit, the goods won't be allowed through the border.

• Его разрешение на работу истекло, поэтому он не может продолжать трудиться.

  His work permit has expired, so he cannot continue working.

• Разрешение на парковку выдаётся только жителям района.

  A parking permit is issued only to residents of the area.

Meaning 2: To allow or give permission (Verb form)

Translation(s) & Context:

• разрешать - Used in everyday situations for granting permission, often in imperfective aspect for ongoing actions.

Usage Examples:

• Родители не разрешают детям играть на улице после захода солнца.

  Parents do not permit children to play outside after sunset.

• Водитель разрешил пассажирам выйти на следующей остановке.

  The driver permitted the passengers to get off at the next stop.

• Эта система не разрешает доступ без пароля.

  This system does not permit access without a password.

• Учитель разрешает использование словарей во время теста.

  The teacher permits the use of dictionaries during the test.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

For 'разрешение' (neuter noun, 2nd declension):

For 'разрешать' (verb, imperfective):

'Дозволение' follows similar noun inflections as 'разрешение' but is less commonly used and has no irregular forms.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • дозвол (more informal or poetic)
  • право (implies a right rather than permission)
  • согласие (for verbal agreement, with subtle differences in implying mutual consent)
• Antonyms:
  • запрет (prohibition)
  • ограничение (restriction)

Related Phrases:

• Получить разрешение – To obtain permission (Used in bureaucratic contexts, e.g., for visas or licenses).
• Разрешить въезд – To permit entry (Common in immigration or event scenarios).
• Без разрешения – Without permission (A phrase emphasizing illegality or impropriety).

Usage Notes:

• The English "permit" as a noun most closely aligns with "разрешение" in formal Russian, but always consider context—use "дозволение" for more archaic or literary tones.
• As a verb, "разрешать" is imperfective and focuses on the process; pair it with perfective "разрешить" for completed actions to match English nuances.
• In spoken Russian, "разрешение" is common in everyday scenarios like driving or events, but avoid it in highly informal speech where simpler words might suffice.
• When choosing between translations, opt for "разрешение" in legal contexts and "разрешать" for actions involving permission-granting.

Common Errors:

• Confusing noun and verb forms: English learners often use "разрешение" as a verb, e.g., saying "Я разрешение тебе" instead of "Я разрешаю тебе." Correct: Use "разрешать" for verbs.
• Incorrect inflection: Forgetting to decline "разрешение" in sentences, e.g., "Я имею разрешение" (correct) vs. "Я имею разрешения" in wrong cases. Always match the case, like genitive in "получение разрешения."
• Overusing in informal contexts: Learners might say "разрешение" in casual talk, but natives prefer simpler phrases; e.g., wrong: "Дай мне разрешение," better: "Разреши мне."

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, obtaining a "разрешение" often involves significant bureaucracy, reflecting historical influences from Soviet-era regulations. This can symbolize the need for official approval in daily life, such as for protests or travel, highlighting themes of control and authority in Russian society.

Related Concepts:

• лицензия (license)
• виза (visa)
• документ (document)