Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'permission'

English Word: permission

Key Russian Translations:

• разрешение (/rəzˈrʲeʂənʲɪjə/) - [Formal, Singular]
• право (/ˈpravo/) - [Formal, Legal or Rights Context]
• дозволение (/dəzvɐˈlʲenʲɪje/) - [Informal or Archaic Usage]

Frequency: Medium (Common in official, legal, and everyday contexts, but not as frequent as basic vocabulary like greetings).

Difficulty: B1 (Intermediate; requires understanding of noun cases and formal language, as per CEFR standards. For 'право', it may be B2 due to legal nuances.)

Pronunciation (Russian):

разрешение: /rəzˈrʲeʂənʲɪjə/

право: /ˈpravo/

дозволение: /dəzvɐˈlʲenʲɪje/

Note on разрешение: The stress is on the third syllable; be careful with the soft 'р' sound, which can be tricky for English speakers. Variations may occur in regional dialects.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning 1: Official authorization or consent granted by an authority

Translation(s) & Context:

• разрешение - Used in formal bureaucratic or administrative contexts, such as obtaining a visa or license.
• право - Applied in legal settings, emphasizing rights or entitlements.

Usage Examples:

• Я получил разрешение от начальника на отпуск на следующей неделе.

  I received permission from my boss for vacation next week.

• Без разрешения властей нельзя въезжать в заповедник.

  Without permission from the authorities, you can't enter the nature reserve.

• Ему выдали разрешение на строительство дома.

  They issued him permission to build a house.

• Это право гарантировано конституцией.

  This permission (right) is guaranteed by the constitution.

Meaning 2: General consent or approval in everyday situations

Translation(s) & Context:

• дозволение - Less formal, often in casual or older-style speech, implying informal agreement.

Usage Examples:

• Мама дала мне дозволение пойти на вечеринку.

  Mom gave me permission to go to the party.

• Дети спрашивают дозволения взять конфеты.

  The children are asking for permission to take the candies.

• В этой стране дозволение на фото в музеях нужно получать заранее.

  In this country, you need to get permission for photos in museums in advance.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

'Разрешение' is a neuter noun in the second declension, which means it undergoes regular case changes. Below is a table outlining its inflections:

'Право' is also a neuter noun but can be indeclinable in some contexts (e.g., in fixed phrases), though it generally follows similar patterns to 'разрешение'.

'Дозволение' follows the same neuter noun rules as 'разрешение', with no irregularities.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • дозвол (more archaic, used in literary contexts)
  • согласие (emphasizes agreement, with subtle differences in formality)
• Antonyms:
  • запрет (prohibition, directly opposite in official contexts)
  • ограничение (restriction, implying limitations rather than denial)

Related Phrases:

• Получить разрешение - To obtain permission (Used in bureaucratic processes, e.g., for travel or events).
• Без разрешения - Without permission (Common in warnings or rules).
• Выдать право - To grant a right (Legal or formal granting of permissions).

Usage Notes:

In Russian, 'разрешение' is the most direct equivalent to 'permission' in formal English contexts, such as government or workplace scenarios. However, 'право' is better for rights-based permissions, like intellectual property. Be mindful of the genitive case when indicating possession, e.g., 'разрешение от кого-то'. In informal speech, 'дозволение' might sound outdated, so choose based on context. English speakers often confuse this with 'согласие' (agreement), but the latter lacks the authoritative connotation.

• Grammar tip: Always adjust for case; e.g., use dative for recipients.
• Context guidance: In legal documents, prefer 'право' over 'разрешение' for precision.

Common Errors:

English learners often misuse the case endings, e.g., saying 'Я имею разрешение' instead of correctly inflecting in phrases like 'получить разрешение'. Error: Using 'разрешение' without proper case (e.g., 'Я иду с разрешение' instead of 'с разрешением'). Correct: 'Я иду с разрешением' – Explanation: The instrumental case is required here to indicate 'with permission'.

Another common mistake is confusing 'разрешение' with 'право', leading to incorrect usage in legal contexts. Error: 'Это разрешение для вождения' (when it should be 'право' for a driver's license). Correct: 'Это право на вождение' – Explanation: 'Право' specifically denotes a right, while 'разрешение' is more about temporary approval.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, obtaining 'разрешение' often involves extensive bureaucracy, reflecting historical influences from Soviet-era administration. For instance, everyday activities like building a home or traveling abroad require official stamps and documents, which can symbolize the value placed on structured authority in Russian society.

Related Concepts:

• лицензия (license)
• виза (visa)
• документ (document)