Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'permeability'

English Word: permeability

Key Russian Translations:

• проницаемость /prənʲɪˈkaʲɪməsʲtʲ/ - [Formal, Scientific]

Frequency: Medium (commonly used in scientific, technical, and academic contexts, but rare in everyday conversation)

Difficulty: C1 (Advanced, as it involves specialized vocabulary in fields like physics or engineering; suitable for learners with a strong grasp of Russian grammar and terminology)

Pronunciation (Russian):

проницаемость: /prənʲɪˈkaʲɪməsʲtʲ/

Note on проницаемость: The stress falls on the fourth syllable ("kaʲ"), which can be tricky for English speakers due to the palatalized consonants (e.g., 'нʲ' and 'сʲ'). Practice with native speakers for accurate intonation.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

The ability of a substance or material to allow fluids, gases, or other substances to pass through it, often in scientific contexts like physics, geology, or engineering.

Translation(s) & Context:

• проницаемость - Used in formal scientific discussions, such as describing soil or membrane properties in research papers or technical reports.

Usage Examples:

• В геологии проницаемость породы определяет, насколько легко сквозь неё проходит вода.

  In geology, the permeability of rock determines how easily water passes through it.

• Коэффициент проницаемости мембраны важен для фильтрации в медицинских устройствах.

  The permeability coefficient of the membrane is important for filtration in medical devices.

• Проницаемость материалов в строительстве влияет на изоляцию от влаги.

  The permeability of materials in construction affects moisture insulation.

• В физике проницаемость среды измеряется для оценки диффузии газов.

  In physics, the permeability of a medium is measured to assess gas diffusion.

• Изучение проницаемости грунта помогает в проектировании инженерных систем.

  Studying the permeability of soil aids in designing engineering systems.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

"Проницаемость" is a feminine noun (3rd declension in Russian). It follows standard Russian noun inflection patterns for case, number, and gender. Below is a table outlining its key inflections:

Note: This noun does not have irregular forms, but pay attention to the soft sign (ь) in certain cases, which affects pronunciation.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • проходимость (more general, often used in contexts like traffic or accessibility; slight difference in nuance as it implies passability rather than permeability)
  • пористость (specifically for porous materials, e.g., in biology or materials science)
• Antonyms:
  • непроницаемость (impermeability, used when something does not allow passage)
  • герметичность (hermeticity, implying complete sealing)

Related Phrases:

• коэффициент проницаемости - Coefficient of permeability; used in engineering to quantify material properties.
• проницаемость почвы - Soil permeability; common in agricultural or environmental contexts.
• эффективная проницаемость - Effective permeability; refers to adjusted measurements in complex systems, like oil extraction.

Usage Notes:

This translation corresponds closely to the English "permeability" in scientific and technical fields, but it's primarily used in formal contexts. Avoid using it in casual conversation, as it may sound overly technical. When choosing between synonyms like "проходимость" or "пористость," select based on the specific context—e.g., "проницаемость" is ideal for fluid dynamics, while "пористость" suits structural materials. Grammatically, ensure it agrees in case and number with surrounding words, as Russian nouns must.

• In sentences, it's often paired with adjectives or measurements, e.g., "высокая проницаемость" (high permeability).
• Be mindful of regional variations; in scientific Russian, this term is standard across dialects.

Common Errors:

English learners often confuse "проницаемость" with "прозрачность" (transparency), mistakenly using it for optical clarity instead of fluid passage. For example:

• Incorrect: "Стекло имеет высокую проницаемость для света." (Wrong, as this implies light permeability when "прозрачность" is more accurate.)
• Correct: "Стекло имеет высокую прозрачность для света, но проницаемость для газов зависит от типа."
• Explanation: "Проницаемость" specifically refers to the passage of substances through a material, not visual clarity. To avoid this, focus on the context—use "проницаемость" only for physical barriers like membranes or soils.

Cultural Notes:

"Проницаемость" is a neutral scientific term without strong cultural connotations, but it reflects Russia's emphasis on engineering and natural sciences, influenced by historical figures like Mendeleev. In educational contexts, it's commonly taught in STEM fields, highlighting the importance of technical vocabulary in Russian academia.

Related Concepts:

• пористость
• фильтрация
• диффузия
• герметичность