Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'penicillin'

English Word: penicillin

Key Russian Translations:

• пенициллин [pʲɪˈnʲi.t͡sɨ.lʲɪn] - [Formal, Medical Term]

Frequency: Medium (Common in medical and scientific contexts but less frequent in everyday conversation).

Difficulty: Intermediate (B1 level; requires familiarity with medical vocabulary and basic Russian noun declensions).

Pronunciation (Russian):

пенициллин: [pʲɪˈnʲi.t͡sɨ.lʲɪn]

Note on пенициллин: The stress falls on the third syllable ("цил"). Be mindful of the palatalized 'н' sound, which is a common challenge for English speakers. Pronunciation may vary slightly in regional dialects.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning: An antibiotic medication used to treat bacterial infections.

Translation(s) & Context:

• пенициллин - Used primarily in formal medical, pharmaceutical, or scientific contexts to refer to the specific drug derived from Penicillium fungi.

Usage Examples:

• Врач прописал мне пенициллин для лечения инфекции.

  The doctor prescribed me penicillin for treating the infection.

• Пенициллин был открыт в 1928 году Александром Флемингом.

  Penicillin was discovered in 1928 by Alexander Fleming.

• Из-за аллергии я не могу принимать пенициллин.

  Due to my allergy, I cannot take penicillin.

• В больнице используют пенициллин для борьбы с бактериальными заболеваниями.

  In the hospital, they use penicillin to fight bacterial diseases.

• Пенициллин часто комбинируют с другими антибиотиками для повышения эффективности.

  Penicillin is often combined with other antibiotics to increase effectiveness.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

пенициллин is a masculine noun (third declension) in Russian. It follows standard noun declension patterns for masculine nouns ending in a consonant. Below is a table outlining its key inflections:

Note: The plural form is less commonly used, as "penicillin" typically refers to the drug in singular contexts. There are no irregular inflections for this word.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms: антибиотик (antibiotic - a broader term), пенициллиновый препарат (penicillin-based drug - for specific formulations)
• Antonyms: Not applicable, as this is a specific medical term without direct opposites. However, in medical contexts, it might contrast with antiviral drugs like ацикловир (aciclovir).

Related Phrases:

• принимать пенициллин - To take penicillin (used in contexts of medication intake).
• пенициллин G - Penicillin G (refers to a specific type of penicillin, often in pharmaceutical discussions).
• лечение пенициллином - Treatment with penicillin (common in medical reports or patient advice).

Usage Notes:

Penicillin translates directly to "пенициллин" in Russian and is used almost exclusively in formal, professional settings like hospitals or scientific literature. English speakers should note that Russian requires correct declension based on sentence structure; for example, use the genitive case in phrases like "доза пенициллина" (dose of penicillin). If multiple translations exist, "пенициллин" is the most precise and standard choice. Be cautious with context: in everyday Russian, people might simply say "антибиотик" for general antibiotics, but specify "пенициллин" for this exact drug.

Common Errors:

• Error: Using the wrong case, e.g., saying "я взял пенициллин" instead of "я взял пенициллин" (actually correct here, but commonly mistaken in genitive contexts like "нужен пенициллин" vs. incorrectly saying "пенициллин нужен" without proper agreement).

  Correct: "Мне нужен пенициллин для лечения." (I need penicillin for treatment.)

  Explanation: English learners often overlook Russian case requirements, leading to grammatical errors. Always ensure the noun agrees with its modifiers.

• Error: Mispronouncing or misspelling as "пеницелин" (a common anglicized error).

  Correct: "пенициллин" with the correct spelling and pronunciation [pʲɪˈnʲi.t͡sɨ.lʲɪn].

  Explanation: This stems from direct transliteration from English; practice with native audio to avoid it.

Cultural Notes:

Пенициллин holds historical significance in Russian culture and medicine, as it was widely adopted after World War II for treating infections. In Russia, it symbolizes advancements in Soviet-era healthcare, and discussions around antibiotics often tie into broader themes of public health and access to medicine, reflecting the country's emphasis on universal healthcare systems.

Related Concepts:

• антибиотик
• ампициллин
• бактериальные инфекции