Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'patulous'

English Word: patulous

Key Russian Translations:

• расширенный [rɐˈʂɨrʲɪn̪nɨj] - [Formal, Medical context; used to describe something expanded or open]

Frequency: Low (This word and its translations are not commonly used in everyday Russian conversation; primarily found in medical or technical literature.)

Difficulty: B2 (Intermediate; requires familiarity with Russian adjective declensions and medical terminology, as per CEFR standards.)

Pronunciation (Russian):

расширенный: [rɐˈʂɨrʲɪn̪nɨj]

Note on расширенный: The stress falls on the second syllable. The 'ш' sound is a voiceless postalveolar fricative, which can be challenging for English speakers; it's similar to the 'sh' in "shoe" but more retroflex. Variations in pronunciation may occur in regional dialects.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning 1: Open, expanded, or spread out (often in medical contexts, e.g., describing a bodily passage or structure)

Translation(s) & Context:

• расширенный - Used in formal or medical settings to describe something that is widened or dilated, such as a blood vessel or airway.

Usage Examples:

• Врач заметил, что трахея пациента расширенная, что указывает на возможное заболевание.

  The doctor noticed that the patient's trachea was patulous, indicating a possible illness.

• Расширенный зрачок может быть симптомом нервного расстройства.

  A patulous pupil can be a symptom of a nervous disorder.

• В анатомии расширенный сосуд часто ассоциируется с воспалением.

  In anatomy, a patulous vessel is often associated with inflammation.

• После операции у пациента наблюдалась расширенная артерия, требующая мониторинга.

  After the surgery, the patient had a patulous artery that required monitoring.

• Расширенный бронх может облегчить дыхание у некоторых пациентов.

  A patulous bronchus can ease breathing in certain patients.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

"Расширенный" is an adjective in Russian, which means it changes based on gender, number, and case. It follows the standard first-declension pattern for adjectives. Below is a table outlining its key inflections:

Note: This adjective is regular, so it follows standard rules without irregularities.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • широкий (broad) - Often used interchangeably in non-medical contexts, but less precise for medical expansion.
  • открытый (open) - Applies in contexts where something is exposed or unobstructed.
• Antonyms:
  • суженный (narrowed) - Used for the opposite state, such as a constricted vessel.
  • закрытый (closed) - Implies a sealed or blocked condition.

Related Phrases:

• Расширенный сосуд - A patulous vessel; commonly used in medical discussions to describe dilated blood vessels.
• Расширенная трахея - Patulous trachea; refers to an abnormally open windpipe, often in diagnostic contexts.
• Быть расширенным - To be patulous; a phrase used in anatomical descriptions, e.g., in pathology reports.

Usage Notes:

"Расширенный" directly corresponds to "patulous" in medical English, emphasizing an open or expanded state. It is typically used in formal, professional contexts like medicine or science, and not in casual conversation. When choosing this translation, ensure it matches the gender, number, and case of the noun it describes—e.g., use "расширенная" for feminine nouns. Avoid overusing it in non-technical writing, as Russian speakers might prefer more descriptive phrases for clarity. If the context involves everyday language, consider alternatives like "широкий" for broader applicability.

Common Errors:

• Error: Using "расширенный" without proper declension, e.g., saying "расширенный женщина" instead of "расширенная женщина" (for a feminine noun).

  Correct Usage: Always decline the adjective to match the noun's gender and case, e.g., "расширенная артерия" (patulous artery). Explanation: Russian adjectives must agree with their nouns, unlike in English where "patulous" remains unchanged.

• Error: Confusing it with "расширяющийся" (expanding), which implies a process rather than a state.

  Correct Usage: Use "расширенный" for a static condition, e.g., "расширенный сосуд," not for ongoing actions. Explanation: "Patulous" describes a fixed state, so match it to the appropriate Russian form to avoid implying movement or change.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian medical literature, terms like "расширенный" reflect a broader tradition of descriptive anatomy influenced by historical figures such as Ivan Pavlov. While not inherently cultural, its usage in Russian healthcare emphasizes precision in diagnosis, often rooted in Soviet-era scientific practices, which prioritized detailed physiological descriptions.

Related Concepts:

• суженный (narrowed)
• открытый (open)
• анатомический (anatomical)