Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'paraphrase'

English Word: paraphrase

Key Russian Translations:

• парафраза [pərəˈfrazə] - [Noun, Formal]
• перефразировать [pʲɪrʲɪfrɐˈzʲɪrəvɐtʲ] - [Verb, Formal, Used in academic or written contexts]
• пересказ [pʲɪrʲɪˈskaz] - [Noun, Informal, Plural form possible]

Frequency: Medium (Common in educational and literary contexts, but not everyday conversation)

Difficulty: B2 (Intermediate; requires understanding of Russian noun and verb inflections, suitable for upper-intermediate learners)

Pronunciation (Russian):

парафраза: [pərəˈfrazə]

перефразировать: [pʲɪrʲɪfrɐˈzʲɪrəvɐtʲ]

пересказ: [pʲɪrʲɪˈskaz]

Note on перефразировать: The stress falls on the third syllable; be cautious with the soft 'р' sound, which can be tricky for non-native speakers.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning 1: A restatement of text or speech in different words, often to clarify or explain (Noun form)

Translation(s) & Context:

• парафраза - Used in formal writing, such as essays or translations, to denote a rephrased version of a text.
• пересказ - Applied in informal storytelling or summaries, especially in spoken language.

Usage Examples:

• Его эссе содержит точную парафразу оригинального текста.

  His essay contains an accurate paraphrase of the original text.

• Чтобы лучше понять, давайте сделаем пересказ этой главы.

  To understand better, let's make a paraphrase of this chapter.

• В школьном задании нужно перефразировать цитату из книги.

  In the school assignment, you need to paraphrase the quote from the book.

• Эта парафраза упрощает сложный научный термин.

  This paraphrase simplifies a complex scientific term.

• Пересказ истории сделал её доступной для детей.

  The paraphrase of the story made it accessible for children.

Meaning 2: To express the meaning of something using different words (Verb form)

Translation(s) & Context:

• перефразировать - Common in professional or academic settings, such as editing or teaching.

Usage Examples:

• Можно перефразировать это предложение, чтобы оно звучало естественнее.

  You can paraphrase this sentence to make it sound more natural.

• В переводе автор решил перефразировать диалог для лучшей ясности.

  In the translation, the author decided to paraphrase the dialogue for better clarity.

• Перефразируйте текст, чтобы избежать плагиата.

  Paraphrase the text to avoid plagiarism.

• Он перефразировал свою речь, чтобы аудитория лучше поняла.

  He paraphrased his speech so that the audience understood better.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

For 'парафраза' (feminine noun):

For 'перефразировать' (verb, imperfective):

'Пересказ' follows standard masculine noun inflections and is relatively regular.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • переложение (a reworking, often literary)
  • изложение (exposition or summary)
• Antonyms:
  • копирование (copying, direct replication)
  • оригинал (original, without alteration)

Related Phrases:

• Сделать парафразу - Make a paraphrase; used in educational contexts to rephrase content.
• Перефразировать текст - Rephrase the text; common in writing and editing.
• В свободном пересказе - In free paraphrase; implies a loose retelling, often in storytelling.

Usage Notes:

• While 'paraphrase' as a noun translates to 'парафраза' in formal settings, 'пересказ' is more conversational and might not capture the precision needed in academic work.
• Use 'перефразировать' for verbs, but be mindful of aspect: it's imperfective, so pair it with perfective 'перефразировать' if needed for completed actions.
• In Russian, paraphrasing often involves grammatical adjustments, so ensure subject-verb agreement when translating.

Common Errors:

• Error: Confusing 'парафраза' with 'перевод' (translation). Incorrect: Это просто перевод. Correct: Это парафраза, а не прямой перевод. Explanation: 'Перевод' means a direct translation, while 'парафраза' implies rephrasing without changing the meaning.
• Error: Incorrect verb conjugation, e.g., using 'перефразировать' without proper person agreement. Incorrect: Я перефразирует. Correct: Я перефразирую. Explanation: Russian verbs must agree with the subject in person and number.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian literature and education, paraphrasing is highly valued as a skill for avoiding plagiarism and demonstrating understanding, especially in the context of classic works like those of Pushkin. It reflects the cultural emphasis on interpretation and adaptation in language arts.

Related Concepts:

• сводка (summary)
• адаптация (adaptation)
• изменение (modification)