Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'overweight'

English Word: overweight

Key Russian Translations:

• избыточный вес [/ɪzˈbɨtət͡ɕnɨj vʲes/] - [Formal, Medical context]
• полный [/ˈpoɫnɨj/] - [Informal, Everyday conversation, often for people]

Frequency: Medium (Commonly used in health, medical, and fitness discussions, but not in casual everyday talk).

Difficulty: B1 (Intermediate, as it involves understanding Russian adjective declensions and medical terminology; for "полный", it's A2 for basic usage).

Pronunciation (Russian):

избыточный вес: /ɪzˈbɨtət͡ɕnɨj vʲes/ (Stress on the second syllable of "избыточный". The "щ" sound is a soft, palatalized /ʃt͡ɕ/.)

полный: /ˈpoɫnɨj/ (The "л" is dark, and the final "ый" is pronounced as a soft /ɨj/.)

Note on избыточный вес: Be cautious with the soft consonants; Russians often soften vowels before "т͡ɕ" for a more natural flow. This word may vary slightly in rapid speech.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning 1: Having a weight greater than what is considered normal or healthy, often in a medical or physical context.

Translation(s) & Context:

• избыточный вес - Used in formal or medical settings, such as discussing BMI or health risks. Context: Professional advice or reports.
• полный - Informal for describing someone's appearance, implying excess weight without clinical precision. Context: Casual conversations about body image.

Usage Examples:

• Врачи рекомендуют диету для людей с избыточным весом.

  Doctors recommend a diet for people who are overweight.

• Она занимается спортом, чтобы избавиться от избыточного веса.

  She exercises to get rid of her overweight.

• Мой друг полный, но он не комплексует по этому поводу.

  My friend is overweight, but he doesn't worry about it.

• Избыточный вес может привести к сердечным проблемам, как предупреждают эксперты.

  Overweight can lead to heart problems, as experts warn.

• В России многие люди становятся полными из-за зимней еды.

  In Russia, many people become overweight due to winter food.

Meaning 2: Excess weight in non-human contexts, such as luggage or objects (e.g., overweight baggage).

Translation(s) & Context:

• избыточный вес - Used for technical or travel-related scenarios, emphasizing excess beyond limits.

Usage Examples:

• Избыточный вес багажа может стоить дополнительно на рейсе.

  Overweight baggage may cost extra on the flight.

• Автомобиль не должен иметь избыточного веса для экономии топлива.

  A car shouldn't have overweight to save fuel.

• Избыточный вес груза привел к поломке моста.

  The overweight of the cargo caused the bridge to break.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

"Избыточный вес" is a noun phrase where "избыточный" is an adjective and "вес" is a masculine noun. Adjectives in Russian decline to agree with the noun in case, number, and gender.

For "избыточный" (adjective, masculine singular in nominative):

For "вес" (noun, masculine):

• It follows the standard third declension pattern and is invariable in plural for most cases.

"Полный" is also an adjective and declines similarly:

Note: These are regular declensions; no irregularities here.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • лишний (excess, often in weight contexts; less formal than избыточный)
  • ожирение (obesity, more severe connotation)
  • тучный (plump, for people; implies a softer, less negative tone)
• Antonyms:
  • нормальный (normal, as in normal weight)
  • стройный (slim, for body shape)

Related Phrases:

• сбросить избыточный вес - To lose overweight (Context: Fitness and dieting goals).
• бороться с полным телом - To fight being overweight (Informal phrase for weight loss efforts).
• избыточный вес тела - Body overweight (Used in medical or health discussions).

Usage Notes:

In Russian, "избыточный вес" directly corresponds to the English "overweight" in medical contexts, emphasizing excess beyond a standard, often calculated via BMI. Use "полный" for informal descriptions of people, but be aware it can carry neutral or slightly negative connotations depending on context. Always consider the gender and case agreement when using adjectives. For example, choose "избыточный" in formal writing and "полный" in spoken language. If multiple translations apply, opt for "избыточный вес" in professional scenarios to avoid offense.

Common Errors:

• Error: Using "избыточный" without proper declension, e.g., saying "избыточный веса" instead of "избыточного веса" in genitive case.
  Correct: "Избыточного веса можно избежать с помощью спорта." (Overweight can be avoided with exercise.)
  Explanation: Russian adjectives must agree in case; this mistake often comes from direct word-for-word translation from English.
• Error: Confusing "полный" with "толстый" (fat), which is more derogatory.
  Correct: Use "полный" for neutral overweight descriptions.
  Explanation: "Толстый" implies criticism, while "полный" is milder, so English learners should match the tone to the context.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, discussions about "избыточный вес" are often tied to health campaigns and traditional cuisine, which can lead to weight gain in winter months due to hearty foods like pelmeni and blini. There's a cultural emphasis on body positivity in some circles, but media often promotes slim ideals, making terms like "полный" sensitive in social contexts.

Related Concepts:

• ожирение (obesity)
• диета (diet)
• спорт (sports/exercise)