Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'outwork'

English Word: outwork

Key Russian Translations:

• выносной форт [vɨˈnosnəj ˈfort] - [Formal, Technical]

Frequency: Low (This word is specialized and not commonly used in everyday Russian conversation; it's more prevalent in historical or military contexts.)

Difficulty: B2 (Intermediate; requires familiarity with Russian noun declensions and military terminology, but not overly complex for learners at this level.)

Pronunciation (Russian):

выносной форт: [vɨˈnosnəj ˈfort]

Note on выносной форт: The stress falls on the second syllable of "выносной" (vy-NOS-nəj). Pay attention to the soft sign (ь) in "форт," which affects the preceding consonant's pronunciation, making it softer.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning 1: An outlying defensive work or fortification (as a noun in English)

Translation(s) & Context:

• выносной форт - Used in formal, historical, or military contexts to describe external defensive structures, such as those in fortifications or sieges.

Usage Examples:

• В крепости был построен выносной форт для защиты от вражеских атак.

  In the fortress, an outwork was built to protect against enemy attacks.

• Инженеры спроектировали выносной форт, чтобы усилить оборонительные позиции.

  Engineers designed an outwork to strengthen defensive positions.

• Во время осады солдаты укрылись в выносном форте на окраине города.

  During the siege, soldiers took cover in the outwork on the outskirts of the city.

• Выносной форт часто использовался в средневековых замках для дополнительной защиты.

  Outworks were often used in medieval castles for additional protection.

• Современные аналоги выносного форта можно увидеть в укрепленных военных базах.

  Modern equivalents of outworks can be seen in fortified military bases.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

"Выносной форт" is a noun phrase where "выносной" is an adjective and "форт" is a masculine noun. Adjectives in Russian agree with the nouns they modify in gender, number, and case. "Форт" follows the standard masculine noun declension pattern.

Note: The adjective "выносной" changes to agree with "форт" in all forms, making this a regular inflection pattern for Russian learners.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • укрепление (fortification) - More general term for defensive structures.
  • бастион (bastion) - Often used interchangeably in military contexts, with a slight emphasis on projecting parts.
• Antonyms:
  • внутреннее укрепление (internal fortification) - Refers to defenses within the main structure, contrasting with external ones.

Related Phrases:

• Выносной форт на передовой - An outwork on the front line; used in strategic military discussions to indicate advanced defensive positions.
• Строительство выносных фортов - Construction of outworks; common in historical or engineering contexts for fortification projects.
• Защита выносным фортом - Protection by an outwork; emphasizes the role in overall defense strategies.

Usage Notes:

This translation corresponds closely to the English "outwork" in its military sense, but in Russian, it's more commonly used in historical or technical writing rather than everyday speech. Be mindful of context: use "выносной форт" in formal settings, as informal equivalents might not exist. When translating, ensure the adjective agrees with the noun in case and number. For learners, start with nominative forms before exploring declensions to avoid confusion with English's lack of cases.

Common Errors:

• Common Error: Forgetting to decline the adjective, e.g., saying "выносной фортов" instead of "выносных фортов" in genitive plural. Correct Usage: Always ensure agreement, as in "защиты выносных фортов" (protection of outworks). Explanation: Russian requires full agreement, unlike English, which can lead to mismatches in complex sentences.

• Common Error: Confusing with similar terms like "форт" alone, which might omit the "выносной" modifier, altering the meaning. Correct Usage: Specify "выносной форт" to convey the external aspect. Explanation: Precision is key in technical vocabulary to avoid ambiguity.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture and history, terms like "выносной форт" evoke memories of military campaigns, such as those during the Napoleonic Wars or World War II, where fortifications played a crucial role. This reflects Russia's emphasis on strategic defense in its vast geography, often symbolizing resilience and preparedness in literature and national narratives.

Related Concepts:

• бастион
• укрепление
• фортификация