Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'outrage'

English Word: outrage

Key Russian Translations:

• возмущение [vɐzmʊˈʂenʲɪje] - [Formal, Noun; used to express strong indignation or anger in serious contexts]
• возмущать [vɐzmʊˈʂatʲ] - [Informal, Verb; used when describing the act of provoking anger or offense]

Frequency: Medium (Common in news, literature, and everyday discussions, but not as frequent as basic emotional terms like "гнев").

Difficulty: B1 (Intermediate, based on CEFR; requires understanding of emotional vocabulary and basic noun/verb inflections. For 'возмущение', it's B1; for 'возмущать', it may reach B2 due to verb conjugations.)

Pronunciation (Russian):

возмущение: [vɐzmʊˈʂenʲɪje] (The 'ʂ' sound is a retroflex fricative, similar to 'sh' in 'shoe' but more guttural; stress on the third syllable.)

возмущать: [vɐzmʊˈʂatʲ] (The final 'tʲ' is palatalized; pronounce with a soft 't' as in 'tune'.)

Note on возмущение: Be cautious with the 'ʂ' sound, as it's a common challenge for English speakers; it can vary slightly in rapid speech.

Note on возмущать: This verb often softens in informal speech, potentially sounding like [vɐzmʊˈʂat].

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

1. A feeling of extreme anger and shock (Noun form).

Translation(s) & Context:

• возмущение - Used in formal or written contexts to describe moral indignation, such as in response to injustice or scandal.

Usage Examples:

• Его возмущение несправедливостью было невозможно скрыть.

  His outrage at the injustice was impossible to hide.

• В обществе растёт возмущение коррупцией.

  Outrage is growing in society over corruption.

• Возмущение толпы вылилось в протесты.

  The outrage of the crowd spilled over into protests.

• Её возмущение поведением коллеги было очевидным.

  Her outrage at her colleague's behavior was evident.

2. To provoke anger or offend deeply (Verb form).

Translation(s) & Context:

• возмущать - Used in informal or narrative contexts to describe actions that incite strong emotions, often in storytelling or opinions.

Usage Examples:

• Его слова возмущали всех в комнате.

  His words outraged everyone in the room.

• Эта новость возмущает общественность.

  This news is outraging the public.

• Решение правительства возмущает многие слои населения.

  The government's decision is outraging many segments of the population.

• Его действия постоянно возмущают друзей.

  His actions continually outrage his friends.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

'возмущение' is a neuter noun of the third declension, which follows regular patterns in Russian grammar. It inflects based on case, number, and gender. 'возмущать' is a verb of the first conjugation with imperfective aspect.

Note: 'возмущение' does not change in plural forms as drastically as some nouns, but always check context for case usage. 'возмущать' is regular but can form perfective aspects like 'возмутить' in certain contexts.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • гнев [gnʲef] (more intense, raw anger; often used in emotional outbursts)
  • индигнация [indignatsija] (formal, borrowed term for moral outrage)
• Antonyms:
  • спокойствие [spakaʲstvʲije] (calmness, the opposite of emotional upheaval)
  • апатия [apatʲija] (apathy, lack of strong reaction)

Related Phrases:

• Выразить возмущение - To express outrage (Used in formal complaints or public statements).
• Возмущение толпы - Outrage of the crowd (Common in discussions of protests or social unrest).
• Это возмущает меня - This outrages me (Informal expression of personal anger).

Usage Notes:

'Возмущение' directly corresponds to the noun form of 'outrage' in English, emphasizing moral or ethical anger, and is preferred in formal writing. 'Возмущать' aligns with the verb form and is versatile but should be used cautiously in informal settings to avoid sounding overly dramatic. In Russian, these words often appear in contexts involving social issues; for example, choose 'возмущение' for written essays and 'возмущать' for narrative descriptions. Grammatically, ensure proper case agreement with nouns and verb conjugations based on subject.

Common Errors:

• Error: Using 'возмущение' as a verb, e.g., saying "Я возмущение" instead of "Я возмущён". Correct: "Я полон возмущения" (I am full of outrage). Explanation: 'возмущение' is a noun, so it can't function as a verb; learners often confuse it with English's flexible word classes.

• Error: Incorrect inflection, e.g., using "возмущение" in the wrong case like "Я видел возмущение" when it should be "возмущения" in genitive for possession. Correct: "Я видел признаки возмущения". Explanation: Russian requires precise case endings; English speakers may overlook this due to less inflection in English.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, expressions like 'возмущение' often tie to historical events, such as reactions to Soviet-era injustices or modern political scandals. It reflects a cultural emphasis on collective moral outrage, as seen in literature by authors like Tolstoy, where personal indignation drives social change. This word can carry a sense of communal responsibility, differing from individualistic expressions in English.

Related Concepts:

• гнев
• индигнация
• протест