Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'off'

English Word: off

Key Russian Translations:

• выключить [vɨklʲuˈʧʲitʲ] - [Verb, Informal, Used for actions involving deactivation or turning off devices]
• выключенный [vɨklʲuˈʧʲɛnnɨj] - [Adjective, Formal, Used to describe a state of being turned off]
• от [ɒt] - [Preposition, Informal, Used in contexts like separation or distance, e.g., off from something]

Frequency: Medium (Common in everyday contexts like technology and directions, but not as frequent as basic verbs in casual speech)

Difficulty: B1 (Intermediate; requires understanding of verb conjugations and preposition usage; for 'выключить', it's Intermediate due to irregular aspects, while 'от' is Beginner-level)

Pronunciation (Russian):

выключить: [vɨklʲuˈʧʲitʲ]

выключенный: [vɨklʲuˈʧʲɛnnɨj]

от: [ɒt]

Note on выключить: The stress falls on the third syllable ('ʧʲitʲ'), which can be tricky for English speakers due to the palatalized 'ʧʲ' sound; variations in informal speech may soften the consonants.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

To turn off (verb form)

Translation(s) & Context:

• выключить - Used in contexts involving electrical devices, lights, or machines; common in everyday commands or instructions.

Usage Examples:

• Выключите телевизор перед выходом. (Turn off the TV before leaving.)

  Turn off the TV before leaving. (This example shows imperative form in a household context.)

• Я всегда выключаю телефон ночью. (I always turn off my phone at night.)

  I always turn off my phone at night. (Illustrates first-person habitual action in daily routines.)

• Пожалуйста, выключите музыку, она слишком громкая. (Please turn off the music; it's too loud.)

  Please turn off the music; it's too loud. (Demonstrates polite request in social settings.)

• Водитель выключил двигатель на парковке. (The driver turned off the engine in the parking lot.)

  The driver turned off the engine in the parking lot. (Shows past tense in a vehicular context.)

Off as in separated or away (adjective/preposition form)

Translation(s) & Context:

• выключенный - Used to describe a deactivated state, often for devices; in figurative contexts, like being "off duty".
• от - Used for physical or metaphorical separation, such as distance from something.

Usage Examples:

• Лампа выключенная, поэтому в комнате темно. (The lamp is off, so the room is dark.)

  The lamp is off, so the room is dark. (This highlights the adjective form in descriptive sentences.)

• Он стоит от дороги на пять метров. (He is standing off the road by five meters.)

  He is standing off the road by five meters. (Illustrates preposition use in spatial descriptions.)

• В выходные я буду от работы. (On weekends, I'll be off work.)

  On weekends, I'll be off work. (Shows idiomatic use in professional contexts.)

• Дети играют от дома в саду. (The children are playing off from the house in the garden.)

  The children are playing off from the house in the garden. (Demonstrates separation in everyday scenarios.)

• Эта скидка действует от полной цены. (This discount is off the full price.)

  This discount is off the full price. (Applies to commercial contexts, showing versatility.)

Russian Forms/Inflections:

For 'выключить' (verb), it is a perfective verb that follows imperfective-perfective aspect pairs (imperfective: выключать). It conjugates irregularly based on tense, person, and number. Below is a conjugation table for present tense (imperfective form for reference):

For 'выключенный' (adjective), it declines by case, number, and gender like most Russian adjectives. It is invariable in form for plural neuter, but changes as follows in nominative case:

• Masculine singular: выключенный
• Feminine singular: выключенная
• Neuter singular: выключенное
• Plural: выключенные

For 'от' (preposition), it is invariable and does not inflect.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms: отключить (similar to выключить, but often used for utilities or systems; slight nuance in technical contexts), погасить (for lights specifically)
• Antonyms: включить (to turn on), подключить (to connect or turn on)

Related Phrases:

• Выключить свет - Turn off the lights (Common in homes or public spaces for energy conservation).
• Отключить интернет - Turn off the internet (Used in contexts like troubleshooting or parental controls).
• Быть от работы - To be off work (Idiomatic for being on break or vacation).

Usage Notes:

The English word 'off' corresponds closely to 'выключить' in action-oriented contexts, but Russian often requires specifying the object (e.g., выключить свет vs. just 'off'). Be mindful of formality: 'выключить' is neutral, but in professional settings, pair it with polite forms. For prepositional use like 'off from', 'от' is straightforward but can imply physical distance, unlike English's broader applications. When choosing between translations, opt for 'выключить' for verbs and 'от' for separations; always consider aspect in verbs for accurate tense usage.

Common Errors:

• Error: Using 'выключить' interchangeably with 'отключить' without context. Incorrect: Выключить интернет как отключить свет. Correct: Отключить интернет (for systems), выключить свет (for devices). Explanation: 'Отключить' is better for broader disconnections, while 'выключить' is for switching off.
• Error: Neglecting gender agreement with 'выключенный'. Incorrect: Выключенный лампа (should be feminine). Correct: Выключенная лампа. Explanation: Adjectives must agree in gender, number, and case in Russian, which English speakers often overlook.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, phrases like 'выключить свет' are emphasized in energy-conscious contexts due to historical shortages, such as during the Soviet era. This can reflect a broader cultural value of resourcefulness and efficiency in daily life.

Related Concepts:

• включить
• отключение
• погасить