Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'nucleic'

English Word: nucleic

Key Russian Translations:

• нуклеиновая кислота [nʊkleɪnəvəjə kɪslɔtə] - [Formal, Scientific]

Frequency: Low (Primarily used in scientific, academic, or technical contexts; not common in everyday conversation)

Difficulty: C1 (Advanced; requires familiarity with scientific terminology and Russian grammar for learners at an upper-intermediate level or higher)

Pronunciation (Russian):

нуклеиновая кислота: [nʊkleɪnəvəjə kɪslɔtə]

Note on нуклеиновая кислота: The stress falls on the third syllable of "нуклеиновая" (nu-klei-no-VA-ya). Pronunciation can vary slightly in regional dialects, such as in faster speech where vowels might reduce. Pay attention to the palatalized 'н' sound.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Nucleic acids as biomolecules (e.g., DNA, RNA)

Translation(s) & Context:

• нуклеиновая кислота - Used in formal scientific discussions, biology textbooks, or research papers to refer to complex molecules essential for genetic information storage and transfer.

Usage Examples:

• ДНК является основной нуклеиновой кислотой в клетках.

  DNA is the primary nucleic acid in cells.

• Учёные изучают, как нуклеиновые кислоты влияют на эволюцию.

  Scientists study how nucleic acids influence evolution.

• В молекулярной биологии нуклеиновая кислота играет ключевую роль в репликации.

  In molecular biology, nucleic acid plays a key role in replication.

• РНК, как и ДНК, является типом нуклеиновой кислоты, но с разными функциями.

  RNA, like DNA, is a type of nucleic acid but with different functions.

• Синтез нуклеиновой кислоты происходит в ядре клетки под влиянием ферментов.

  The synthesis of nucleic acid occurs in the cell nucleus under the influence of enzymes.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

"Нуклеиновая кислота" is a noun phrase where "нуклеиновая" is a feminine adjective and "кислота" is a feminine noun in the nominative singular form. Russian adjectives and nouns inflect based on case, number, and gender.

For "кислота" (feminine noun, first declension):

The adjective "нуклеиновая" agrees with "кислота" and inflects accordingly (e.g., Genitive: нуклеиновой кислоты). This phrase does not have irregular inflections but follows standard patterns. In scientific contexts, it remains invariant in compounds.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms: нуклеотиды (nucleotides, as building blocks) - Often used interchangeably in broader contexts, but more specific to components.
• Antonyms: None directly applicable, as this is a scientific term without clear opposites; however, in biochemistry, it contrasts with proteins or carbohydrates in function.

Related Phrases:

• ДНК и РНК (DNA and RNA) - Refers to specific types of nucleic acids; used in genetic discussions to highlight their roles in heredity.
• Синтез нуклеиновых кислот (Synthesis of nucleic acids) - Common in biology for describing molecular processes; implies laboratory or natural formation.
• Генетическая информация в нуклеиновых кислотах (Genetic information in nucleic acids) - Emphasizes the storage aspect in evolutionary biology.

Usage Notes:

This translation corresponds directly to "nucleic acid" in English, which is a specialized term in biology and chemistry. Use "нуклеиновая кислота" in formal, academic, or professional settings; avoid it in casual conversation. Note the gender agreement in Russian sentences (feminine singular). When choosing translations, opt for this if referring to biomolecules; for related concepts like nucleotides, use "нуклеотиды." Be mindful of context: in Russian scientific writing, it's often pluralized as "нуклеиновые кислоты" for generality.

Common Errors:

• English learners might mistakenly use "нуклеин" alone, thinking it's a direct equivalent, but it's incorrect. Error: "ДНК - это нуклеин." Correct: "ДНК - это нуклеиновая кислота." Explanation: "Нуклеин" is an outdated or imprecise term; always pair it with "кислота" for accuracy.
• Confusing inflections, e.g., using genitive incorrectly: Error: "Изучение нуклеиновой кислоты." (This is correct, but learners might forget agreement.) Correct: Ensure adjective matches noun case. Explanation: Russian requires full agreement, which can be tricky for non-native speakers.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian scientific culture, terms like "нуклеиновая кислота" reflect the influence of Soviet-era biology research, where genetics was a major field despite political restrictions (e.g., under Lysenkoism). It symbolizes the intersection of science and national pride, as Russian scientists contributed significantly to nucleic acid studies in the 20th century.

Related Concepts:

• ДНК (DNA)
• РНК (RNA)
• Генетика (Genetics)