Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'notched'

English Word: notched

Key Russian Translations:

• зубчатый [zʊbˈt͡ɕatɨj] - [Adjective, Formal, Used in technical or descriptive contexts]
• выемчатый [vɨɪmˈt͡ɕatɨj] - [Adjective, Informal, Used for irregular notches or indentations]

Frequency: Medium (Common in technical, engineering, or descriptive language, but not everyday conversation)

Difficulty: B1 (Intermediate, as it involves understanding Russian adjective inflections; for 'зубчатый', it's straightforward, but 'выемчатый' may require more context)

Pronunciation (Russian):

зубчатый: [zʊbˈt͡ɕatɨj]

Note on зубчатый: The stress falls on the second syllable ('t͡ɕatɨj'). Pay attention to the palatalized 't͡ɕ' sound, which is common in Russian adjectives.

выемчатый: [vɨɪmˈt͡ɕatɨj]

Note on выемчатый: Similar to 'зубчатый', the stress is on the second syllable, but the initial 'vɨ' can vary slightly in casual speech.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Having a series of notches, teeth, or indentations (e.g., on an edge or surface)

Translation(s) & Context:

• зубчатый - Typically used in technical or mechanical contexts, such as describing gears or tools; formal and precise.
• выемчатый - More general for irregular or handmade notches; informal and versatile in everyday descriptions.

Usage Examples:

• Этот нож зубчатый, что позволяет легко резать твердые продукты.

  This knife is notched, which allows for easy cutting of hard products.

• Зубчатый край колеса обеспечивает надежное сцепление с цепью.

  The notched edge of the wheel ensures reliable engagement with the chain.

• В древней архитектуре часто использовали выемчатый дизайн для украшения стен.

  In ancient architecture, a notched design was often used to decorate walls.

• Ее выемчатый пояс украшен драгоценными камнями, делая его уникальным.

  Her notched belt is adorned with precious stones, making it unique.

• Зубчатый профиль инструмента предотвращает скольжение при работе.

  The notched profile of the tool prevents slipping during use.

Irregular or handmade indentations (less common usage)

Translation(s) & Context:

• выемчатый - Preferred for artistic or non-technical contexts; can imply a more organic or irregular shape.

Usage Examples:

• Художник создал выемчатый узор на дереве, имитируя природные формы.

  The artist created a notched pattern on the wood, imitating natural shapes.

• Выемчатый край ткани придает одежде текстуру.

  The notched edge of the fabric gives the clothing texture.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

Both 'зубчатый' and 'выемчатый' are Russian adjectives, which inflect based on gender, number, and case. Russian adjectives follow a standard pattern for most first-declension adjectives, with variations in endings. They do not have irregular forms in this case.

Note: These adjectives agree with the nouns they modify, making them straightforward once basic Russian declension is learned.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • зазубренный (zazubrennyy) - Similar to 'notched' but implies sharper, more pointed edges; often used interchangeably with 'зубчатый' in casual speech.
  • рифленый (riflenyy) - For ridged or grooved surfaces, with a slight industrial connotation.
• Antonyms:
  • гладкий (gladkiy) - Smooth, without any notches; commonly used in opposition to textured surfaces.
  • ровный (rovnyy) - Even or flat, emphasizing uniformity.

Related Phrases:

• зубчатая передача - A geared transmission; used in mechanical engineering contexts.
• выемчатый край - Notched edge; refers to irregular borders in design or craftsmanship.
• зубчатый профиль - Notched profile; common in tools or manufacturing for grip enhancement.

Usage Notes:

'Notched' corresponds most directly to 'зубчатый' in technical English-Russian translations, especially for machinery or tools, while 'выемчатый' is better for artistic or irregular applications. Be mindful of context: in formal writing, use 'зубчатый' for precision, but in everyday Russian, 'выемчатый' might sound more natural. Adjectives must agree in gender, number, and case with the noun they describe, which is a key grammatical feature in Russian. When choosing between translations, opt for 'зубчатый' if the notches are regular and functional, and 'выемчатый' for aesthetic or handmade ones.

Common Errors:

• Common Error: Using 'зубчатый' interchangeably with 'выемчатый' without considering context. For example, learners might say "выемчатый нож" for a serrated knife when 'зубчатый нож' is more accurate for a tool with teeth.

  Correct Usage: "Зубчатый нож" (This knife is notched with teeth). Explanation: 'Выемчатый' implies irregularity, which could confuse the meaning in technical settings.

• Common Error: Forgetting adjective agreement, e.g., saying "зубчатый дом" instead of "зубчатый дом" (wait, incorrect example—properly: saying "зубчатая стена" but using masculine endings). Correct: Ensure the ending matches, like "зубчатая стена" for feminine noun.

  Correct Usage: "Зубчатая стена" (Notched wall). Explanation: Russian requires full agreement to avoid grammatical errors that sound unnatural to native speakers.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, terms like 'зубчатый' are often associated with industrial and engineering heritage, reflecting Russia's history in manufacturing and machinery during the Soviet era. For instance, notched designs in tools or architecture might evoke themes of functionality and durability, common in Russian practical arts.

Related Concepts:

• шестерня (gear)
• рифление (ridging or grooving)
• край (edge)