Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'nineteenth'

English Word: nineteenth

Key Russian Translations:

• девятнадцатый [dʲɪvʲɪtnɐˈt͡sətɨɪ̯] - [Adjective, Ordinal Number, Masculine; Used in formal and informal contexts for numbering]

Frequency: Medium - Commonly encountered in historical, educational, and everyday contexts like dates or lists, but not as frequent as cardinal numbers.

Difficulty: A2 - Basic level, suitable for beginners as it follows standard ordinal number patterns in Russian.

Pronunciation (Russian):

девятнадцатый: [dʲɪvʲɪtnɐˈt͡sətɨɪ̯]

Note on девятнадцатый: The stress falls on the penultimate syllable; be mindful of the palatalized 'дʲ' sound, which can be challenging for English speakers. Variations may occur in rapid speech.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

The ordinal number corresponding to 'nineteenth', indicating position in a sequence (e.g., 19th).

Translation(s) & Context:

• девятнадцатый - Used for masculine nouns in contexts like dates, historical periods, or rankings (e.g., in formal writing or speech).

Usage Examples:

• Это был девятнадцатый век, когда произошли многие революции.

  This was the nineteenth century, when many revolutions occurred.

• Девятнадцатый этаж здания был закрыт для посетителей.

  The nineteenth floor of the building was closed to visitors.

• В списке она заняла девятнадцатое место.

  In the list, she took the nineteenth place.

• Девятнадцатого мая мы отмечаем праздник.

  On the nineteenth of May, we celebrate the holiday.

• Его рождение пришлось на девятнадцатое столетие.

  His birth fell in the nineteenth century.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

As an ordinal adjective, 'девятнадцатый' declines based on gender, number, and case, following the patterns of Russian adjectives. It is derived from the cardinal number 'девятнадцать' and has regular inflections.

Note: This word does not have irregular forms, making it straightforward for learners once basic adjective declension is understood.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms: None specific, as it is a precise ordinal; however, 'девятнадцатый' can be synonymous with '19-й' in abbreviated forms for informal use.
• Antonyms: первый (first) - Used for the opposite end of a sequence; восьмой (eighth) - For nearby sequences, but not direct antonyms.

Related Phrases:

• Девятнадцатый век - The nineteenth century; refers to the period from 1801 to 1900, often discussed in historical contexts.
• Девятнадцатое число - The nineteenth (day of the month); used in date specifications.
• Девятнадцатая симфония - The nineteenth symphony; common in musical or artistic references.

Usage Notes:

'Девятнадцатый' directly corresponds to 'nineteenth' in English and is used similarly for ordinal positioning. It must agree in gender, number, and case with the noun it modifies, which is a key difference from English. For example, use the feminine form 'девятнадцатая' with feminine nouns like 'век' (century). In formal writing, prefer full forms over abbreviations. When choosing between translations, stick to 'девятнадцатый' for standard ordinal use; avoid confusion with cardinal 'девятнадцать'.

Common Errors:

• Error: Using the cardinal form 'девятнадцать' instead of the ordinal 'девятнадцатый' in sequences (e.g., saying 'девятнадцать век' for 'nineteenth century').

  Correct: 'Девятнадцатый век' - Ordinal adjectives must be used for positions, not cardinals.

  Explanation: In Russian, cardinals count quantities, while ordinals indicate order, so mixing them can lead to grammatical errors.

• Error: Failing to decline the word correctly, e.g., using 'девятнадцатый' with a feminine noun without changing to 'девятнадцатая'.

  Correct: 'Девятнадцатая страница' instead of 'Девятнадцатый страница'.

  Explanation: Russian requires adjective-noun agreement, which English speakers often overlook.

Cultural Notes:

The term 'девятнадцатый век' (nineteenth century) holds significant cultural weight in Russian history, referring to the era of literary giants like Pushkin and Tolstoy, as well as social reforms and the lead-up to the Russian Revolution. It symbolizes a period of intellectual flourishing and turmoil, often romanticized in Russian literature and education.

Related Concepts:

• восемнадцатый (eighteenth)
• двадцатый (twentieth)
• первый (first)
• число (number)