Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'neuron'

English Word: neuron

Key Russian Translations:

• нейрон [neyˈron] - [Formal, Scientific]

Frequency: Medium (Common in scientific, medical, and educational contexts, but not in everyday conversation)

Difficulty: B2 (Intermediate; Requires familiarity with scientific terminology and basic Russian noun declensions)

Pronunciation (Russian):

нейрон: [neyˈron]

Note on нейрон: The stress is on the second syllable ('ron'). Pronounce the 'e' as in 'hey', and ensure a clear 'y' sound before the vowel.

Audio: Listen to pronunciation

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning: A specialized cell in the nervous system that transmits electrical and chemical signals.

Translation(s) & Context:

• нейрон - Used in formal scientific, medical, or educational contexts to describe a nerve cell; often appears in biology or neuroscience discussions.

Usage Examples:

• В человеческом мозге миллиарды нейронов, которые обрабатывают информацию.

  In the human brain, there are billions of neurons that process information.

• Нейрон передает сигналы от одного нейрона к другому через синапсы.

  A neuron transmits signals from one neuron to another through synapses.

• Учёные изучают, как нейрон реагирует на внешние стимулы.

  Scientists study how a neuron responds to external stimuli.

• В нервной системе нейрон играет ключевую роль в координации движений.

  In the nervous system, a neuron plays a key role in coordinating movements.

• Поражение нейрона может привести к неврологическим расстройствам.

  Damage to a neuron can lead to neurological disorders.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

"Нейрон" is a masculine noun in the third declension group. It follows regular patterns for most Russian nouns but has no irregularities. Below is a table showing its basic inflections for cases and numbers:

Note: As a loanword, it remains unchanged in most forms and does not inflect for gender or verb conjugation since it is a noun.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • нервная клетка (nervnaya kletka) - More descriptive, used interchangeably in everyday explanations but less technical.
  • нейронная клетка (neyronnaya kletka) - Emphasizes the cellular aspect, common in advanced contexts.
• Antonyms: None directly applicable, as "neuron" is a specific biological term without a clear opposite.

Related Phrases:

• нейронные связи (neyronnyye svyazi) - Neural connections; Refers to the links between neurons in the brain.
• нейронная сеть (neyronnaya set') - Neural network; Used in contexts like artificial intelligence or brain structure.
• аксон нейрона (akson neyrona) - Axon of a neuron; Describes a specific part of the neuron in anatomical discussions.

Usage Notes:

This translation corresponds directly to the English "neuron" in scientific contexts. Use "нейрон" in formal writing, such as academic papers or medical texts, as it is a borrowed term with minimal adaptation. Be aware of case declensions when constructing sentences; for example, in prepositional phrases like "в нейроне" (in the neuron). If discussing everyday topics, "нервная клетка" might be more accessible. Choose based on audience: technical for experts, descriptive for general learners.

Common Errors:

• Common Error: Confusing "нейрон" with "нерв" (nerv, meaning "nerve"), which refers to a bundle of fibers, not a single cell. Incorrect: "Нерв передает сигналы" (implying a single cell). Correct: "Нейрон передает сигналы". Explanation: "Нерв" is broader and not interchangeable; always specify based on context to avoid oversimplification.

• Common Error: Forgetting declensions, e.g., using "нейрон" in genitive case as "нейрон" instead of "нейрона". Incorrect: "Структура нейрон" (ungrammatical). Correct: "Структура нейрона". Explanation: Russian requires case agreement, so always adjust endings based on sentence role.

Cultural Notes:

"Нейрон" is a term rooted in modern science rather than Russian cultural history, as it is a loanword from Greek via English. However, in Russian-speaking contexts, discussions of neurons often tie into broader scientific achievements, such as Soviet-era neuroscience research, which emphasized brain studies in education and medicine. This reflects Russia's strong tradition in biology and psychology, making the term prominent in educational curricula.

Related Concepts:

• синапс (sinaps)
• дендрит (dendrit)
• аксон (akson)