Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'multicellular'

English Word: multicellular

Key Russian Translations:

• многоклеточный /mnɐɡɐˈklʲetəʧʲɪj/ - [Formal, Scientific]
• многоячеистый /ˈmnɐɡəjɑˈʧʲeɪstɨj/ - [Formal, Less Common, Used in Specific Biological Contexts]

Frequency: Medium (Commonly encountered in scientific, educational, and biological texts, but not in everyday conversation.)

Difficulty: Intermediate (B1-B2 on CEFR scale; Requires understanding of Russian adjective forms and scientific vocabulary. For 'многоклеточный', it's straightforward; for 'многоячеистый', it may be slightly more advanced due to less frequent usage.)

Pronunciation (Russian):

многоклеточный: /mnɐɡɐˈklʲetəʧʲɪj/ (Stress on the third syllable; the 'г' is pronounced as a soft 'g' sound.)

многоячеистый: /ˈmnɐɡəjɑˈʧʲeɪstɨj/ (Stress on the first syllable; note the palatalized 'j' sound, which can be tricky for beginners.)

Note on многоклеточный: The pronunciation may vary slightly in fast speech, where the 'о' in "много" can soften to a schwa sound. Pay attention to the hard 'к' in "клеточный".

Note on многоячеистый: This word has a more complex consonant cluster; practice with native speakers to master the flow.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Biological term referring to organisms composed of more than one cell, as opposed to unicellular organisms.

Translation(s) & Context:

• многоклеточный - Used in formal scientific discussions, biology textbooks, or educational settings to describe complex life forms like animals and plants.
• многоячеистый - Applied in more specialized contexts, such as microbiology or when emphasizing cellular structure in tissues.

Usage Examples:

• Человек является примером многоклеточного организма, где клетки работают вместе для поддержания жизни.

  A human is an example of a multicellular organism, where cells work together to sustain life.

• В эволюции многоклеточные формы жизни развились из простых одноклеточных предков.

  In evolution, multicellular forms of life developed from simple unicellular ancestors.

• Растения, такие как деревья, представляют собой многоячеистые структуры, которые адаптированы к различным средам.

  Plants, such as trees, represent multicellular structures that are adapted to various environments.

• Изучение многоклеточных тканей помогает ученым понять процессы роста и регенерации.

  Studying multicellular tissues helps scientists understand processes of growth and regeneration.

• В лаборатории мы наблюдаем, как многоячеистые культуры клеток реагируют на внешние стимулы.

  In the laboratory, we observe how multicellular cell cultures respond to external stimuli.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

Both primary translations are adjectives in Russian, which inflect based on gender, number, and case. Russian adjectives follow standard patterns for most cases, but 'многоклеточный' and 'многоячеистый' are regular adjectives derived from nouns.

These adjectives do not have irregular inflections and follow the standard pattern for hard-stem adjectives in Russian.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • полицеллюлярный - Less common, used in highly technical contexts; implies a similar multi-cellular structure but with a more modern, borrowed feel.
  • многоклеточный (as primary, but can be synonymous with itself in variations).
• Antonyms:
  • одноклеточный - Directly opposite, meaning unicellular, used in biology to contrast with multicellular forms.
  • моноцеллюлярный - Rare antonym, emphasizing single-cell organisms in scientific discussions.

Related Phrases:

• многоклеточный организм - A multicellular organism; refers to complex life forms like humans or plants.
• многоячеистая ткань - Multicellular tissue; used in contexts discussing biological structures in medicine or biology.
• эволюция многоклеточных - Evolution of multicellular life; a phrase in scientific texts about biological development.

Usage Notes:

In Russian, 'многоклеточный' is the most direct and commonly used translation for 'multicellular', especially in educational and scientific contexts. It aligns closely with English usage but requires agreement in gender, number, and case with the noun it modifies. For instance, choose 'многоклеточный' for general biology, but opt for 'многоячеистый' when focusing on cellular density or specific tissues. Be mindful of formal settings, as these terms are rarely used in casual conversation. When translating, ensure the context is scientific to avoid mismatches with everyday vocabulary.

• Grammar tip: Always inflect the adjective to match the noun (e.g., 'многоклеточные организмы' for plural).
• Selection guide: If the English term emphasizes complexity, use 'многоклеточный'; for structural aspects, 'многоячеистый' might be more precise.

Common Errors:

• Mistake: Using the base form 'многоклеточный' without inflection, e.g., saying "многоклеточный организмы" instead of "многоклеточные организмы".
  Correct: Ensure plural agreement: "многоклеточные организмы". Explanation: Russian adjectives must agree with nouns in number and case; this error stems from English's lack of such rules.
• Mistake: Confusing with 'одноклеточный' in definitions, e.g., mistakenly describing a multicellular entity as unicellular.
  Correct: Use 'многоклеточный' for accuracy. Explanation: Learners often mix up antonyms, leading to conceptual errors in scientific writing.
• Mistake: Pronouncing with incorrect stress, e.g., stressing the wrong syllable in 'многоячеистый'.
  Correct: Stress the first syllable: /ˈmnɐɡəjɑˈʧʲeɪstɨj/. Explanation: Improper stress can make the word unintelligible to native speakers.

Cultural Notes:

While 'многоклеточный' is a purely scientific term without strong cultural connotations, it reflects Russia's emphasis on biology and natural sciences in education, influenced by historical figures like Ivan Pavlov. In Russian media and textbooks, such terms are often used to discuss evolutionary biology, which ties into broader cultural narratives of human progress and adaptation.

Related Concepts:

• клетка (cell)
• организм (organism)
• эволюция (evolution)
• биология (biology)