Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'microbiology'

English Word: microbiology

Key Russian Translations:

• микробиология [mʲɪkrobʲɪˈoləɡʲɪjə] - [Formal, Scientific]

Frequency: Medium (commonly used in scientific, academic, and medical contexts; less frequent in everyday conversation)

Difficulty: C1 (Advanced; requires familiarity with scientific terminology and Russian noun declensions for learners)

Pronunciation (Russian):

микробиология: [mʲɪkrobʲɪˈoləɡʲɪjə]

Note on микробиология: The stress falls on the fourth syllable ("о"). Pronunciation can vary slightly by region, with softer palatalization in some dialects. Pay attention to the "й" sound, which is a soft [j] glide.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

The study of microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, and fungi.

Translation(s) & Context:

• микробиология - Used in formal scientific discussions, academic papers, or educational settings to refer to the branch of biology dealing with microscopic organisms. Context: Academic and professional environments.

Usage Examples:

• В университете я изучаю микробиологию, чтобы понять, как бактерии влияют на здоровье человека.

  In university, I study microbiology to understand how bacteria affect human health.

• Микробиология играет ключевую роль в разработке вакцин против инфекционных заболеваний.

  Microbiology plays a key role in developing vaccines against infectious diseases.

• В лаборатории микробиологии ученые исследуют новые антибиотики для борьбы с резистентными бактериями.

  In the microbiology lab, scientists are researching new antibiotics to fight resistant bacteria.

• Изучение микробиологии помогло предотвратить эпидемии в развивающихся странах.

  The study of microbiology has helped prevent epidemics in developing countries.

• Микробиология не только о болезнях; она также охватывает полезные микроорганизмы в пищевой промышленности.

  Microbiology is not just about diseases; it also covers beneficial microorganisms in the food industry.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

"Микробиология" is a feminine noun (feminine gender in Russian grammar) and follows the standard first declension pattern for nouns ending in -ия. It is inflected based on case, number, and gender. Below is a table outlining its key inflections:

Note: This word does not have irregular inflections, making it relatively straightforward for learners once basic declension rules are mastered.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • Микроорганизмология (less common variant, emphasizing microorganisms specifically; used in specialized texts)
  • Бактериология (overlaps in focus on bacteria but is narrower)
• Antonyms:
  • Макробиология (study of larger organisms, contrasting with the microscopic scale)

Related Phrases:

• Микробиологический анализ - A microbiological analysis; used in lab contexts to refer to testing samples for microbes.
• Современная микробиология - Modern microbiology; often in discussions about advancements in the field.
• Прикладная микробиология - Applied microbiology; refers to practical applications, such as in biotechnology.

Usage Notes:

In Russian, "микробиология" directly corresponds to the English "microbiology" as a scientific discipline, but it is typically used in formal or academic settings. Unlike English, Russian nouns must agree in case, gender, and number with other words in the sentence, so learners should pay attention to declensions when constructing phrases. For instance, choose this term over related words like "бактериология" if the context involves a broader range of microorganisms. It is neutral in tone and widely accepted in international scientific communication.

Common Errors:

• Incorrect: Using "микробология" without proper declension, e.g., saying "Я интересный микробология" instead of "Я интересуюсь микробиологией" (I am interested in microbiology). Error explanation: Russian requires the instrumental or dative case in such expressions; correct usage ensures grammatical agreement.

• Incorrect: Confusing it with "биология" (biology) and omitting the prefix, e.g., "Я изучаю биология микробов." Correct: "Я изучаю микробиологию." Explanation: The full term specifies the microscopic focus; omitting it changes the meaning entirely.

Cultural Notes:

In Russia, microbiology gained prominence during the Soviet era due to state-funded research on infectious diseases and antibiotics, influenced by scientists like Dmitri Ivanovsky, who discovered viruses. This historical context adds a layer of national pride to the field, often highlighted in educational programs, reflecting Russia's contributions to global science.

Related Concepts:

• Бактериология (bacteriology)
• Вирусология (virology)
• Паразитология (parasitology)