Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'martial'

English Word: martial

Key Russian Translations:

• военный [vɐˈinɨj] - [Formal, commonly used in official or descriptive contexts]

Frequency: High (This word is frequently encountered in everyday Russian, especially in news, history, and discussions about military matters.)

Difficulty: B1 (Intermediate, according to CEFR; learners at this level should be able to recognize and use it in basic sentences, though full mastery of inflections requires practice.)

Pronunciation (Russian):

военный: [vɐˈinɨj]

Note on военный: The stress falls on the third syllable ('in'). Be cautious with the soft 'н' sound, which can be tricky for English speakers. Variations in pronunciation may occur in regional dialects, but standard Russian uses this IPA.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning 1: Relating to the military, war, or armed forces (e.g., martial arts, martial law)

Translation(s) & Context:

• "военный" - Used in formal contexts to describe anything associated with the military, such as equipment, personnel, or laws; often appears in historical or governmental discussions.

Usage Examples:

• В военном искусстве дисциплина играет ключевую роль.

  In martial arts, discipline plays a key role.

• Военное право было введено в городе во время кризиса.

  Martial law was imposed in the city during the crisis.

• Он носит военную форму с гордостью.

  He wears his martial uniform with pride.

• Военная подготовка начинается с базовых навыков.

  Martial training begins with basic skills.

• В военном конфликте важно соблюдать международные правила.

  In martial conflict, it's important to follow international rules.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

"Военный" is an adjective in Russian, which means it inflects based on gender, number, and case. It follows the standard adjectival declension pattern for hard-stem adjectives. Below is a table outlining its key forms:

Note: This word does not have irregular forms, making it relatively straightforward for learners once the basic adjectival patterns are understood.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • воинский (voinskiy) - More archaic or poetic, often used in historical contexts.
  • армейский (armeyskiy) - Specifically related to army matters, with a slight emphasis on organized forces.
• Antonyms:
  • мирный (mirnyy) - Peaceful, contrasting with military aggression.
  • гражданский (grazhdanskiy) - Civilian, highlighting non-military aspects.

Related Phrases:

• Военная служба (voennaya sluzhba) - Military service; refers to compulsory or voluntary armed forces duty in Russia.
• Военный парад (voennyy parad) - Martial parade; a formal display often seen in national celebrations.
• Военное положение (voennoye polozheniye) - Martial law; a state of emergency with military control.

Usage Notes:

"Военный" directly corresponds to the English "martial" in contexts involving military or war-related themes, but it's more versatile in Russian for describing anything military. Use it in formal writing or speech; in informal settings, it might sound overly official. Always ensure agreement in gender, number, and case with the noun it modifies. For example, when translating "martial arts," pair it with "искусство" (neuter), so use "военное искусство." If choosing between synonyms, opt for "военный" for general use and "армейский" for army-specific contexts.

Common Errors:

• Error: Using "военный" without proper inflection, e.g., saying "в военный дом" instead of "в военном доме" (in a martial home).
  Correct: в военном доме
  Explanation: Adjectives must agree in case; here, the prepositional case requires "военном" to match "доме."

• Error: Confusing it with "воин" (a noun meaning warrior), leading to misuse like "воин искусство" instead of "военное искусство."
  Correct: военное искусство
  Explanation: "Воин" is a separate word; ensure "военный" is used as an adjective with the right form.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, words like "военный" carry significant historical weight due to Russia's military history, including events like World War II and the Cold War. It often evokes themes of national defense and patriotism, as seen in public holidays like Victory Day, where military parades (военный парад) are central. This can add a layer of respect or solemnity when using the word in conversation.

Related Concepts:

• армия (armiya)
• война (voyna)
• солдат (soldat)