Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'medical'

English Word: medical

Key Russian Translations:

• медицинский [mʲɪdʲɪˈtsʲinskʲɪj] - [Formal, Adjective]
• медикаментозный [mʲɪdʲɪkəmʲɛnˈtoznyj] - [Formal, Used in contexts involving medications or treatments]

Frequency: Medium (Common in professional, healthcare, and everyday contexts, but not as ubiquitous as basic vocabulary)

Difficulty: B1 (Intermediate, based on CEFR; requires understanding of adjective declensions and medical terminology)

Pronunciation (Russian):

медицинский: [mʲɪdʲɪˈtsʲinskʲɪj]

медикаментозный: [mʲɪdʲɪkəmʲɛnˈtoznyj]

Note on медицинский: The stress falls on the third syllable ("tsinsk-"), which can be tricky for English speakers due to the palatalized consonants; variations may occur in rapid speech.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Primary Meaning: Related to medicine, healthcare, or the field of medicine (as an adjective)

Translation(s) & Context:

• медицинский - Used in formal contexts like describing services, equipment, or professionals in healthcare settings, e.g., in hospitals or clinics.
• медикаментозный - Applied specifically to treatments involving drugs or medications, often in medical literature or prescriptions.

Usage Examples:

• Врачи в больнице используют медицинский оборудование для диагностики пациентов.

  Doctors in the hospital use medical equipment to diagnose patients.

• Этот курс фокусируется на медицинских аспектах общественного здоровья.

  This course focuses on the medical aspects of public health.

• Медикаментозное лечение часто сочетается с физической терапией.

  Medication-based treatment is often combined with physical therapy.

• Она работает в медицинском центре, где помогают детям с хроническими заболеваниями.

  She works in a medical center that helps children with chronic illnesses.

• Медицинский персонал должен пройти ежегодную проверку знаний.

  Medical staff must undergo an annual knowledge check.

Secondary Meaning: Pertaining to the practice or study of medicine (e.g., in academic or professional contexts)

Translation(s) & Context:

• медицинский - In educational or professional settings, such as medical schools or conferences.

Usage Examples:

• Медицинский факультет университета предлагает стипендии для талантливых студентов.

  The medical faculty of the university offers scholarships for talented students.

• Конференция будет обсуждать современные медицинские технологии.

  The conference will discuss modern medical technologies.

• Его диссертация посвящена медицинским этическим вопросам.

  His dissertation is dedicated to medical ethical issues.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

Both translations are adjectives, which inflect according to Russian grammar rules for gender, number, and case. "Медицинский" is a regular adjective and follows standard patterns, while "медикаментозный" is also regular but may vary slightly in formal contexts.

Note: These adjectives do not have irregular inflections; they follow the standard first-declension pattern for adjectives in Russian.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • лечебный (lyechebnyj) - More specific to treatment or healing contexts.
  • медицинский (as above, but can be interchangeable in some cases).
• Antonyms:
  • немедицинский (nemeditsinskyj) - Non-medical or unrelated to medicine.
  • обыденный (obydennyj) - Everyday or non-professional, implying the opposite in casual contexts.

Related Phrases:

• медицинская помощь - Emergency medical assistance; used in crisis situations like accidents.
• медицинский осмотр - Medical examination; common in routine health checks.
• медикаментозная терапия - Drug-based therapy; refers to treatment with medications in clinical settings.

Usage Notes:

"Медицинский" directly corresponds to the English "medical" as an adjective and is the most versatile translation. It is primarily used in formal contexts, such as healthcare, education, or official documents. Choose "медикаментозный" when emphasizing pharmaceutical aspects to avoid ambiguity. Be mindful of Russian adjective agreement: always inflect based on the noun's gender, number, and case. For example, pair it with feminine nouns like "медицинская сестра" (medical nurse). In everyday speech, Russians might use simpler terms, so context dictates formality.

Common Errors:

• Error: Using "медицинский" without proper inflection, e.g., saying "медицинский больница" instead of "медицинская больница" (for a feminine noun like больница).
  Correct: "Медицинская больница" - Explanation: Adjectives must agree in gender; this mistake often stems from English word order and lack of declension awareness.
• Error: Confusing "медицинский" with "медикаментозный" in non-drug contexts, e.g., using "медикаментозный осмотр" for a general check-up.
  Correct: Use "медицинский осмотр" - Explanation: "Медикаментозный" implies involvement of drugs, so it should be reserved for pharmacological treatments to maintain precision.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, terms like "медицинский" often evoke the state-run healthcare system, which has historical roots in Soviet-era universal healthcare. This can carry connotations of accessibility and bureaucracy, influencing how people discuss medical topics in daily life.

Related Concepts:

• хирургический (hirurgicheskyj)
• терапевтический (terapevticheskyj)
• фармацевтический (farmatsevticheskyj)