Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'median'

English Word: median

Key Russian Translations:

• медиана [mʲɪdʲiˈanə] - [Formal, Technical]
• срединный [srʲɪˈdʲin.nɨj] - [Formal, used in anatomical or spatial contexts]

Frequency: Medium (Common in technical, academic, and professional contexts like statistics and mathematics, but less frequent in everyday conversation)

Difficulty: B2 (Intermediate; requires familiarity with technical vocabulary. For 'медиана', it's straightforward for learners with basic noun knowledge; for 'срединный' as an adjective, it may vary slightly based on context)

Pronunciation (Russian):

медиана: [mʲɪdʲiˈanə]

срединный: [srʲɪˈdʲin.nɨj]

Note on медиана: The stress falls on the third syllable ('a' sound), which is a common challenge for English speakers due to the palatalized 'dʲ'. Pronunciation may vary slightly in fast speech.

Note on срединный: The 'ы' sound is a distinct Russian vowel, similar to a short 'i' but more centralized; practice with native audio for accuracy.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Statistical Meaning (as a noun: the middle value in a dataset)

Translation(s) & Context:

• медиана - Used in formal statistical or mathematical discussions to refer to the central value in an ordered dataset, often in academic or professional settings.

Usage Examples:

• В статистике медиана часто используется для анализа данных без выбросов.

  In statistics, the median is often used to analyze data without outliers.

• Расчет медианы прост: упорядочь числа и выбери среднее.

  Calculating the median is simple: order the numbers and select the middle one.

• Медиана доходов населения в этом регионе выросла за последний год.

  The median income of the population in this region has increased over the last year.

• В отличие от среднего, медиана менее подвержена влиянию экстремальных значений.

  Unlike the mean, the median is less affected by extreme values.

Anatomical/Descriptive Meaning (as an adjective: relating to the middle or central line)

Translation(s) & Context:

• срединный - Used in medical or spatial contexts to describe something in the middle, such as a median line in anatomy, in formal or technical writing.

Usage Examples:

• Срединный нерв отвечает за чувствительность в ладони.

  The median nerve is responsible for sensitivity in the palm.

• В анатомии срединный разрез проходит по центру тела.

  In anatomy, the median incision runs through the center of the body.

• Срединный путь в лабиринте ведет к выходу.

  The median path in the labyrinth leads to the exit. (Figurative use in descriptions)

• Срединный баланс необходим для стабильности системы.

  A median balance is necessary for the stability of the system.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

'Медиана' is a feminine noun (from Latin origin, treated as a first-declension noun in Russian). It follows regular patterns for feminine nouns ending in -a. Below is a table of its inflections:

'Срединный' is an adjective and follows the standard pattern for adjectives. It agrees in gender, number, and case with the noun it modifies. For example:

• Masculine singular: срединный
• Feminine singular: срединная
• Neuter singular: срединное
• Plural: срединные

Note: These are regular inflections; no irregularities.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • медиана - среднее значение (but less precise, as it can mean 'mean')
  • срединный - центральный (more general for 'central')
• Antonyms:
  • Для медиана: экстремальное значение (extreme value)
  • Для срединный: периферийный (peripheral)

Related Phrases:

• Медиана выборки - The median of a sample (used in statistical analysis to describe data distribution).
• Срединный путь - The middle path (can refer to a balanced approach in philosophy or navigation).
• Расчет медианы - Calculation of the median (a common phrase in educational contexts).

Usage Notes:

'Медиана' directly corresponds to the English 'median' in statistical contexts and is preferred in formal writing or academia. Use it when precision is needed, as it avoids ambiguity with 'среднее' (which means 'mean'). 'Срединный' is more versatile for descriptive uses but should be inflected to match the noun it describes. In everyday Russian, these terms are rare outside technical fields, so context matters—e.g., avoid in casual conversation. When choosing between translations, opt for 'медиана' for math and 'срединный' for spatial descriptions.

Common Errors:

• Error: Confusing 'медиана' with 'среднее' (mean). Incorrect: "Среднее данных - 10" when meaning median. Correct: "Медиана данных - 10". Explanation: English learners often mix these due to similar English terms; always check if you're referring to the middle value versus the average.

• Error: Incorrect inflection, e.g., using 'медиана' in genitive as 'медиана' instead of 'медианы'. Incorrect: "Расчет медиана". Correct: "Расчет медианы". Explanation: Russian nouns must agree in case; practice declension tables to avoid this.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian scientific and educational contexts, 'медиана' reflects the influence of Western mathematics, particularly from the 19th-century adoption of statistical methods. It doesn't carry strong cultural connotations but symbolizes precision in data analysis, often emphasized in Russian STEM education to promote logical thinking.

Related Concepts:

• среднее
• мода
• дисперсия