Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'mandible'

English Word: mandible

Key Russian Translations:

• нижняя челюсть [ˈnʲiʐnəjə t͡ɕɪlʲʊstʲ] - [Formal, Anatomical term]

Frequency: Medium (commonly used in medical, biological, and scientific contexts, but less frequent in everyday conversation).

Difficulty: Intermediate (B2 level, as it involves specialized vocabulary and understanding of Russian noun declensions; suitable for learners with some familiarity with anatomy terms).

Pronunciation (Russian):

нижняя челюсть: [ˈnʲiʐnəjə t͡ɕɪlʲʊstʲ]

Note on нижняя челюсть: The stress is on the first syllable ("nʲiʐ-"). Pay attention to the soft sign (ь) in "челюсть," which softens the preceding consonant, making it a challenge for English speakers. Variations in regional accents may slightly alter vowel sounds.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Anatomical term for the lower jawbone in humans or animals

Translation(s) & Context:

• нижняя челюсть - Used in formal medical or biological discussions, such as describing skeletal structures in anatomy textbooks or dental contexts.

Usage Examples:

• Врачи осмотрели нижнюю челюсть пациента для диагностики перелома.

  The doctors examined the patient's mandible for a fracture diagnosis.

• У этого животного нижняя челюсть значительно длиннее верхней.

  In this animal, the mandible is significantly longer than the upper jaw.

• Нижняя челюсть человека состоит из одной кости, которая соединена с черепом.

  The human mandible consists of a single bone that is connected to the skull.

• Во время эволюции нижняя челюсть млекопитающих развивалась для лучшей жевательной функции.

  During evolution, the mandible of mammals developed for better chewing function.

• Палеонтологи изучили окаменелую нижнюю челюсть динозавра, чтобы определить его вид.

  Paleontologists studied the fossilized mandible of a dinosaur to determine its species.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

"Нижняя челюсть" is a feminine noun in Russian, following the standard declension patterns for first-declension nouns. It is invariable in terms of gender but changes based on case and number. Below is a table outlining its key inflections:

Note: The adjective "нижняя" agrees with the noun in case, number, and gender, which is a regular feature of Russian adjectives.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • челюсть (čeljust') - A more general term for jaw, often used interchangeably in casual contexts, but less specific.
  • мандибула (mandibula) - A direct borrowing from Latin/Greek, used in highly technical or scientific writing.
• Antonyms: Not directly applicable, as "нижняя челюсть" is a specific anatomical part. However, in contrast, you might use верхняя челюсть (věrchnjaja čeljust') for the upper jaw.

Related Phrases:

• Перелом нижней челюсти (Perelom nijnjej čeljusti) - Fracture of the mandible; used in medical emergencies.
• Боль в нижней челюсти (Bol' v nijnjej čeljusti) - Pain in the mandible; common in dental contexts.
• Нижняя челюсть у животных (Nijnjaja čeljust' u životnych) - Mandible in animals; refers to evolutionary or zoological discussions.

Usage Notes:

In Russian, "нижняя челюсть" directly corresponds to the English "mandible" in anatomical contexts, but it's more descriptive and commonly used in formal or professional settings like medicine or biology. Always ensure the adjective agrees with the noun in case and number. For everyday conversation, Russians might simplify to "челюсть," but for precision, stick with "нижняя челюсть." When choosing between translations, use "мандибула" for international scientific papers to maintain neutrality.

Common Errors:

• Error: Forgetting to decline the noun correctly, e.g., saying "болит нижняя челюсть" in the wrong case. Correct: In genitive contexts, it should be "болит в нижней челюсти" (pain in the mandible).

  Incorrect Russian: Болит нижняя челюсть (grammatically incorrect in some contexts).

  Correct Russian: Болит нижняя челюсть (if nominative is appropriate), but properly: Боль в нижней челюсти.

  Explanation: Russian requires case agreement; English learners often overlook this, leading to awkward phrasing.

• Error: Confusing it with "верхняя челюсть," using it interchangeably. Correct by specifying the exact part in context.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture and medicine, discussions of the mandible often tie into broader themes of health and folklore, such as in traditional remedies for jaw pain or in literature describing physical resilience. For instance, in Russian folktales, strong jawbones might symbolize endurance, reflecting historical emphasis on physical labor in rural life.

Related Concepts:

• череп (čerep) - Skull
• зубы (zuby) - Teeth
• челюстной сустав (čeljustnoj sustav) - Jaw joint