Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'malignancy'

English Word: malignancy

Key Russian Translations:

• злокачественность [zləkəˈt͡ɕɛstvʲɪnnəsʲtʲ] - [Formal, Medical]
• злокачественная опухоль [zləkəˈt͡ɕɛstvʲɪnnəjə ɐˈpuxəlʲ] - [Formal, Plural possible, Medical context]

Frequency: Medium (Commonly used in medical and scientific discussions, but less frequent in everyday conversation)

Difficulty: B2 (Intermediate; requires familiarity with medical terminology and noun declensions in Russian)

Pronunciation (Russian):

злокачественность: [zləkəˈt͡ɕɛstvʲɪnnəsʲtʲ]

Note on злокачественность: The stress falls on the fourth syllable ("stvʲɪnn-"), and the "ч" sound is a palatal affricate, which may be challenging for English speakers. Pronunciation can vary slightly in fast speech.

Audio: []

злокачественная опухоль: [zləkəˈt͡ɕɛstvʲɪnnəjə ɐˈpuxəlʲ]

Note on злокачественная опухоль: This phrase has two words with primary stress on "zləkəˈt͡ɕɛstvʲɪnnəjə" and "ɐˈpuxəlʲ". The "х" in опухоль is a voiceless velar fricative, similar to the "ch" in Scottish "loch".

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Primary Meaning: A malignant condition, especially in medicine (e.g., cancerous growth)

Translation(s) & Context:

• злокачественность - Used in formal medical contexts to describe the quality of being malignant, such as in pathology reports.
• злокачественная опухоль - Applied specifically to tumors, emphasizing the malignant nature in clinical discussions.

Usage Examples:

• Врачи диагностировали злокачественность опухоли на ранней стадии.

  Doctors diagnosed the malignancy of the tumor at an early stage.

• Злокачественная опухоль требует немедленного хирургического вмешательства.

  A malignant tumor requires immediate surgical intervention.

• Исследования показали, что злокачественность клеток увеличилась за последний год.

  Studies showed that the malignancy of the cells has increased over the last year.

• В онкологии злокачественность часто ассоциируется с метастазами.

  In oncology, malignancy is often associated with metastases.

• Пациент отказался от лечения из-за страха перед злокачественной опухолью.

  The patient refused treatment due to fear of the malignant tumor.

Secondary Meaning: Figurative use, implying harmful or destructive nature (e.g., in social or ethical contexts)

Translation(s) & Context:

• злокачественность - Used metaphorically in non-medical contexts, such as describing harmful behaviors or ideas.

Usage Examples:

• Злокачественность его идей привела к конфликтам в обществе.

  The malignancy of his ideas led to conflicts in society.

• В политике злокачественность коррупции разрушает доверие.

  In politics, the malignancy of corruption destroys trust.

• Эта злокачественность в отношениях не может быть ignored.

  This malignancy in relationships cannot be ignored.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

злокачественность is a feminine noun (feminine singular nominative). It follows the standard first declension pattern for abstract nouns in Russian, which means it inflects based on case, number, and gender.

злокачественная опухоль is a phrase where "злокачественная" is an adjective (feminine singular) that agrees with "опухоль" (feminine noun). It inflects as follows for the adjective: Nominative singular: злокачественная; Genitive singular: злокачественной. The noun "опухоль" follows a similar declension to злокачественность.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • злокачественный процесс (implies a malignant process; often used in broader medical contexts)
  • раковое образование (specifically for cancerous formations; more colloquial in medical discussions)
• Antonyms:
  • доброкачественность (benign quality)
  • доброкачественная опухоль (benign tumor)

Related Phrases:

• злокачественный рост - Malignant growth; used in oncology to describe uncontrolled cell proliferation.
• злокачественные клетки - Malignant cells; refers to cancerous cells in a biological context.
• злокачественный характер - Malignant nature; applied metaphorically to describe harmful personality traits.

Usage Notes:

• злокачественность directly corresponds to the medical sense of "malignancy" in English, but it's more abstract and often used in formal or scientific writing. Avoid using it in casual conversation.
• In everyday Russian, злокачественная опухоль is preferred for specific tumor references. Be mindful of gender agreement when using adjectives like злокачественный.
• Grammar note: As a feminine noun, злокачественность must agree with adjectives and verbs in gender, number, and case (e.g., "эта злокачественность" in nominative).
• When choosing between translations, use злокачественность for general malignancy and злокачественная опухоль for tumor-specific contexts.

Common Errors:

• Error: Confusing злокачественность with доброкачественность (benignity). Incorrect: "Это доброкачественность опухоли." (This implies it's benign when you mean malignant.) Correct: "Это злокачественность опухоли." Explanation: Always double-check the prefix "зло-" for negative connotations.
• Error: Failing to decline the noun properly in sentences. Incorrect: "Из-за злокачественность." (Missing genitive case.) Correct: "Из-за злокачественности." Explanation: Russian requires case agreement, so practice declensions to avoid this.
• Error: Using it metaphorically without context. Incorrect: "Его злокачественность" without clarification (could be mistaken for medical term). Correct: "Его злокачественность идей" to specify. Explanation: Provide context to prevent ambiguity.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture and language, terms like злокачественность carry a strong connotation of danger and irreversibility, often linked to historical experiences with healthcare challenges in the Soviet era. This can make discussions about cancer more emotionally charged, emphasizing the need for sensitivity in medical contexts.

Related Concepts:

• онкология (oncology)
• метастазы (metastases)
• раковая клетка (cancer cell)