Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'litigation'

English Word: litigation

Key Russian Translations:

• иск [isk] - [Formal, Legal context]
• судебный процесс [sudébnyy protsess] - [Formal, Often used in broader legal proceedings]

Frequency: Medium (Common in legal and professional contexts but not in everyday conversation)

Difficulty: B2 (Intermediate; requires understanding of legal terminology and Russian case systems)

Pronunciation (Russian):

иск: [isk]

судебный процесс: [sudʲébnyj ˈprɔtsəs]

Note on иск: The 'и' is pronounced as a short /i/ sound, similar to the 'i' in "bit." Be mindful of the soft sign 'ь' in related words, which palatalizes the preceding consonant.

Audio: []

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

The process of taking legal action through courts

Translation(s) & Context:

• иск - Used in formal legal contexts for filing a lawsuit or claim.
• судебный процесс - Refers to the entire judicial procedure, often in civil or criminal cases.

Usage Examples:

• Они подали иск против компании за нарушение контракта.

  They filed a lawsuit against the company for breach of contract.

• Судебный процесс может занять годы, если дело сложное.

  The litigation process can take years if the case is complex.

• Адвокат подготовил иск для представления в суд.

  The lawyer prepared the litigation documents for court submission.

• В ходе судебного процесса были выявлены новые доказательства.

  New evidence was uncovered during the litigation process.

• Если переговоры не помогут, мы вынуждены будем инициировать иск.

  If negotiations fail, we'll have to initiate litigation.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

"Иск" is a masculine noun of the third declension in Russian, which follows a standard pattern for many nouns. It inflects based on case and number. "Судебный процесс" is a phrase where "процесс" is a masculine noun of the second declension.

For "иск":

For "судебный процесс": "Процесс" inflects as follows (adjective "судебный" agrees with it):

These nouns do not have irregular inflections but require attention to case agreement in sentences.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • судебный спор (sudébnyy spor) - Similar to "dispute in court," often interchangeable in civil contexts.
  • процесс (protsess) - More general, used for any procedure but can imply legal ones; less formal than "иск."
• Antonyms:
  • мирное разрешение (mirnoye razresheniye) - Peaceful resolution, contrasting with adversarial legal action.
  • договорённость (dogovórennost') - Agreement, implying non-litigious settlement.

Related Phrases:

• гражданский иск (grazhdanskiy isk) - Civil lawsuit; used in non-criminal legal disputes.
• уголовный процесс (ugolovnyy protsess) - Criminal litigation; refers to cases involving crimes.
• предъявить иск (pred"yavith' isk) - To bring a lawsuit; a common phrase for initiating legal action.

Usage Notes:

In Russian, "иск" directly corresponds to the core meaning of "litigation" as a formal claim, while "судебный процесс" encompasses the entire procedure, similar to "legal proceedings" in English. Use "иск" for specific actions like filing, and "судебный процесс" for ongoing cases. These terms are formal and restricted to legal or professional contexts; avoid them in casual conversation. When translating, consider the context: if the English "litigation" refers to a lawsuit, opt for "иск"; for broader processes, use "судебный процесс." Always ensure proper case agreement in sentences, as Russian nouns change based on grammatical role.

Common Errors:

• Confusing "иск" with "суд" (sud, meaning "court"). Error: Saying "Мы пошли в суд" to mean filing a lawsuit, implying just attending court. Correct: "Мы подали иск в суд" (We filed a lawsuit in court). Explanation: "Суд" refers to the institution, not the action, so it doesn't capture the full meaning of "litigation."

• Using "процесс" without the adjective in legal contexts. Error: Saying "процесс" alone, which might be too vague. Correct: Specify as "судебный процесс" for clarity. Explanation: In Russian, precision is key in legal language to avoid ambiguity.

Cultural Notes:

In Russia, litigation often reflects the country's civil law tradition, influenced by historical codes like the Napoleonic Code. Terms like "иск" carry a formal, bureaucratic connotation due to the centralized legal system, where court proceedings can be lengthy and document-heavy, emphasizing written claims over oral arguments compared to common law systems like in the U.S. or U.K.

Related Concepts:

• суд (sud)
• адвокат (advokat)
• доказательство (dokazatel'stvo)