Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'lithographic'

English Word: lithographic

Key Russian Translations:

• литографический [lʲɪtəɡrəfʲɪt͡ɕɪskʲɪj] - [Formal, Technical]

Frequency: Low (Primarily used in specialized fields like printing, art, and technology; not common in everyday conversation.)

Difficulty: B2 (Intermediate; requires familiarity with technical vocabulary and Russian adjective inflections, making it challenging for beginners.)

Pronunciation (Russian):

литографический: [lʲɪtəɡrəfʲɪt͡ɕɪskʲɪj]

Note on литографический: The pronunciation includes a soft 'л' sound (palatalized), which can be tricky for English speakers. Stress falls on the fourth syllable. Variations may occur in rapid speech.

Audio: Play Pronunciation Audio [Here, insert an actual audio file link or embed a player.]

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning: Pertaining to the process of lithography, a printing technique involving the use of a flat surface (e.g., stone or metal plate) to create images or text.

Translation(s) & Context:

• литографический - Used in formal, technical contexts, such as describing printing methods in art, publishing, or manufacturing industries. It emphasizes precision and traditional techniques.

Usage Examples:

• Эта книга напечатана литографическим методом.

  This book is printed using the lithographic method. (Demonstrates basic usage in a descriptive context.)

• В музее выставлены литографические работы известных художников.

  In the museum, there are lithographic works by famous artists. (Shows usage in an artistic or cultural setting.)

• Литографическая технология всё ещё применяется в современной полиграфии.

  Lithographic technology is still used in modern printing. (Illustrates application in technical discussions.)

• Он специализируется на литографических иллюстрациях для детских книг.

  He specializes in lithographic illustrations for children's books. (Highlights usage with professions or specialties.)

• Литографический процесс требует точной подготовки поверхности.

  The lithographic process requires precise surface preparation. (Emphasizes procedural aspects in instructional contexts.)

Russian Forms/Inflections:

"Литографический" is an adjective in Russian, which means it inflects based on gender, number, and case. It follows the standard pattern for adjectives ending in -ический, with short and full forms. It is a regular adjective but requires attention to its palatalized consonants.

Note: In short form (used for predicates), it becomes "литографичен" (masc.), "литографична" (fem.), etc.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • гравюрный (engraving-related; implies a similar artistic technique but with cutting methods)
  • офсетный (offset printing; used in modern contexts as an alternative method)
• Antonyms:
  • цифровой (digital; contrasts with traditional analog methods)
  • трафаретный (stencil-based; implies a different printing approach)

Related Phrases:

• Литографическая печать - Lithographic printing (a common technique in publishing and art reproduction).
• Метод литографии - Method of lithography (refers to the process in technical discussions).
• Литографические иллюстрации - Lithographic illustrations (used in contexts like book design or fine art).

Usage Notes:

This translation corresponds closely to the English "lithographic," emphasizing the historical and technical aspects of printing. Use "литографический" in formal or professional settings, such as academic papers or art critiques, rather than casual conversation. Be mindful of Russian adjective agreement: it must match the noun's gender, number, and case. When choosing between synonyms like "гравюрный," opt for "литографический" if the context specifically involves flat-surface printing. Avoid direct word-for-word translations; integrate it into natural Russian sentence structures for fluency.

• In technical writing, pair it with nouns like "метод" (method) or "технология" (technology).
• For learners: If the English word is used metaphorically, Russian may require a different expression, as "литографический" is largely literal.

Common Errors:

English learners often misuse inflections or confuse it with similar terms. For example:

• Error: Using the base form "литографический" without proper case agreement, e.g., saying "Я видел литографический картина" (incorrect; should be "литографическую картину" in accusative feminine).
  Correct: Я видел литографическую картину. (Explanation: Adjectives must agree with the noun's case, gender, and number.)
• Error: Confusing it with "литературный" (literary), leading to misuse in sentences like "Литографический роман" instead of "Литературный роман."
  Correct: Use "литографический" only for printing contexts, not literary ones. (Explanation: These words sound similar but have distinct meanings.)

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, lithography holds historical significance, particularly in the 19th and early 20th centuries, as it was a key method for reproducing art and propaganda during the Soviet era. Artists like Ivan Shishkin used lithographic techniques, linking it to Russia's rich tradition in visual arts. Understanding this can deepen appreciation for Russian print media and its role in cultural dissemination.

Related Concepts:

• гравюра (engraving)
• офсет (offset printing)
• типография (typography)