Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'lactic'

English Word: lactic

Key Russian Translations:

• молочный /mɐˈɫoʧʲnɨj/ - [Adjective, used in contexts related to milk, dairy, or lactic acid; Formal]
• лакт- /lakt-/ - [Prefix, as in chemical terms like lactic acid; Formal, Technical]

Frequency: Medium (commonly used in everyday language for dairy contexts, but less frequent in general conversation; more common in scientific or food-related discussions)

Difficulty: B1 (Intermediate, per CEFR; requires basic understanding of Russian adjectives and inflections. For 'лакт-', it may be C1 for technical learners due to specialized vocabulary.)

Pronunciation (Russian):

молочный: /mɐˈɫoʧʲnɨj/ (Stress on the second syllable; the 'ч' is a soft palatal fricative, similar to 'ch' in 'loch'.)

лакт-: /lakt-/ (Pronounced with a hard 'k' sound; straightforward for English speakers, but ensure the 'a' is short and open.)

Note on молочный: Be cautious with the soft 'л' sound, which can be challenging for non-native speakers; it softens before vowels.

Note on лакт-: This is a borrowed prefix from Latin, so pronunciation is consistent across derived words like 'лактоза' (/laktɐˈza/).

Audio: []

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning 1: Relating to milk or dairy products (e.g., in everyday or nutritional contexts)

Translation(s) & Context:

• молочный - Used in general descriptions of milk-based items; common in formal and informal settings, such as food labeling or health discussions.

Usage Examples:

• Молочный йогурт полезен для здоровья.

  Lactic yogurt is beneficial for health. (This example shows 'молочный' in a nutritional context, modifying a noun.)

• В магазине есть свежий молочный хлеб.

  In the store, there is fresh lactic bread. (Here, it describes a dairy-influenced product, demonstrating adjective agreement.)

• Дети любят молочный шоколад больше, чем тёмный.

  Children prefer lactic chocolate over dark. (Illustrates preference in casual conversation, with 'молочный' in a comparative structure.)

• Молочный фермер ухаживает за коровами каждый день.

  The lactic farmer takes care of the cows every day. (Shows usage in professional or rural contexts, emphasizing dairy production.)

• В рецепте требуется молочный ингредиент для вкуса.

  The recipe requires a lactic ingredient for flavor. (Demonstrates application in cooking, highlighting functional use.)

Meaning 2: Relating to lactic acid (e.g., in scientific or chemical contexts)

Translation(s) & Context:

• лакт- (as in 'молочная кислота') - Used in technical fields like chemistry or biology; formal and specialized, often in academic writing.

Usage Examples:

• Лакт-кислота образуется во время брожения.

  Lactic acid is formed during fermentation. (This shows the prefix in a scientific explanation, part of a compound word.)

• В мышцах накапливается лакт-кислота при интенсивных тренировках.

  Lactic acid builds up in muscles during intense workouts. (Illustrates usage in health or sports science, with contextual explanation.)

• Химик изучает свойства лакт-кислоты.

  The chemist studies the properties of lactic acid. (Demonstrates formal, educational context.)

• Лакт-кислота используется в производстве йогурта.

  Lactic acid is used in yogurt production. (Links back to dairy, showing interdisciplinary application.)

• Избыток лакт-кислоты вызывает усталость.

  Excess lactic acid causes fatigue. (Emphasizes cause-effect in physiological discussions.)

Russian Forms/Inflections:

For 'молочный' (an adjective), it follows standard Russian adjective inflections based on gender, number, and case. It is a regular adjective and changes accordingly.

For 'лакт-' (a prefix), it does not inflect on its own but attaches to nouns or adjectives (e.g., 'лактоза' inflects as a regular feminine noun: лактозы, лактозе, etc.). No changes for the prefix itself.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • молочный - молочный продукт (for dairy items; more specific to products)
  • лакт- - молочный (in chemical contexts; slight overlap, but 'лакт-' is more precise for acid-related terms)
• Antonyms:
  • молочный - растительный (plant-based, as opposite in dietary contexts)
  • лакт- - уксусный (acetic, as an alternative acid in chemistry)

Related Phrases:

• Молочный шоколад - Milk chocolate; a common phrase for describing sweet treats.
• Молочная ферма - Dairy farm; used in agricultural or rural discussions.
• Лакт-кислота в спорте - Lactic acid in sports; refers to buildup during exercise, with implications for fitness routines.

Usage Notes:

'Молочный' directly corresponds to 'lactic' in milk-related contexts but is more versatile in Russian, often implying dairy products rather than strictly chemical acid. Use it in formal settings for accuracy, and note its inflections to match gender and case. For 'лакт-', reserve it for technical discussions to avoid confusion with everyday dairy terms. When choosing between translations, opt for 'молочный' in general conversation and 'лакт-' in scientific writing.

Common Errors:

• Error: Using 'молочный' interchangeably with 'лакт-' in chemical contexts, e.g., saying 'молочный кислота' instead of 'молочная кислота'.

  Correct: 'Молочная кислота' (with proper adjective agreement). Explanation: Russian adjectives must agree in gender, number, and case, so beginners often forget this, leading to grammatical errors.

• Error: Mispronouncing 'молочный' with a hard 'л' sound, making it sound like 'molotchny' instead of the soft /ɫ/.

  Correct: Practice the soft 'л' as in native Russian speech. Explanation: This can make the word unintelligible, as pronunciation affects meaning in Slavic languages.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, 'молочный' is tied to traditional dairy farming and products like sour cream (сметана) or kefir, which are staples in daily diets. Lactic acid fermentation is central to Russian cuisine, symbolizing preservation and health, especially in rural areas where homemade dairy is common.

Related Concepts:

• кислота (acid)
• молоко (milk)
• ферментация (fermentation)