Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'laceration'

English Word: laceration

Key Russian Translations:

• рассек [rɐˈsʲek] - [Formal, Medical context]
• надрыв [ˈnad.rɨf] - [Informal, General use for tears or strains]

Frequency: Medium (Common in medical and everyday discussions of injuries, but not in casual conversation)

Difficulty: B2 (Intermediate; requires familiarity with Russian medical vocabulary and noun declensions)

Pronunciation (Russian):

рассек: [rɐˈsʲek] (Stress on the second syllable; the 'с' is pronounced as a soft 's')

надрыв: [ˈnad.rɨf] (Stress on the first syllable; the 'ы' sound is a back unrounded vowel, which can be tricky for English speakers)

Note on рассек: Be cautious with the soft 'с' sound, which is palatalized; it may vary slightly in rapid speech.

Note on надрыв: The 'ы' vowel has no direct English equivalent; it's similar to the 'i' in "bit" but more centralized.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

1. A deep cut, tear, or wound in the skin or flesh, often caused by trauma.

Translation(s) & Context:

• рассек - Used primarily in formal or medical contexts, such as describing injuries in hospitals or reports.
• надрыв - Applied in informal or general contexts, like everyday accidents, but can imply a strain rather than a clean cut.

Usage Examples:

• Врачи зашивали глубокий рассек на его руке после аварии.

  Doctors were stitching up a deep laceration on his arm after the accident.

• Из-за падения у ребенка появился надрыв на колене, и ему потребовалась помощь.

  Due to the fall, the child got a laceration on his knee and needed assistance.

• В экстренной ситуации рассек на лице может привести к инфекции, если не обработать timely.

  In an emergency, a laceration on the face can lead to infection if not treated promptly.

• Она получила надрыв от острого камня во время прогулки в лесу.

  She got a laceration from a sharp rock during her walk in the forest.

• Медики быстро остановили кровотечение из рассека на ноге пострадавшего.

  Medics quickly stopped the bleeding from the laceration on the victim's leg.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

Both "рассек" and "надрыв" are masculine nouns in Russian, which means they follow standard first-declension patterns for masculine nouns ending in a consonant. They are inflected based on case, number, and gender agreement. "Рассек" is more commonly used in singular forms in medical contexts and has regular declensions, while "надрыв" can be used in both singular and plural but is less variable.

Note: These are regular inflections, but in compound phrases like "рассекательная рана," the adjective may also inflect accordingly.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • разрыв (razryv) - Similar to a tear, often used interchangeably in non-medical contexts; implies a more sudden break.
  • рану (ranu) - Refers specifically to a wound, less focused on the tearing aspect.
• Antonyms:
  • целостность (tselostnost') - Integrity or wholeness, contrasting with any form of damage.
  • невредимость (nevrjedimost') - Unharmed state, emphasizing absence of injury.

Related Phrases:

• Закрыть рассек (Zakryt' rasssek) - To close a laceration; used in first-aid contexts.
• Лечить надрыв (Lechit' nadryv) - To treat a laceration; implies ongoing medical care.
• Профилактика рассека (Profilaktika ras sek) - Prevention of lacerations; common in safety discussions.

Usage Notes:

"Рассек" is the most precise translation for "laceration" in medical or formal settings, directly corresponding to a jagged tear, while "надрыв" is better for informal or strain-related injuries. English speakers should note that Russian nouns require case agreement, so "рассек" changes form based on its role in the sentence (e.g., genitive for possession). In everyday conversation, prefer "надрыв" for less severe injuries. When choosing between translations, consider the context: formal reports use "рассек," while casual talk uses "надрыв." Always pair with verbs like "зашить" (to stitch) for accurate descriptions.

Common Errors:

• Error: Using "рассек" in plural form incorrectly, e.g., saying "рассека" instead of "рассеки" for nominative plural. Correct: "У него были рассеки на руках" (He had lacerations on his hands). Explanation: Russian nouns must follow declension rules; beginners often mix cases, leading to grammatical errors.

• Error: Confusing "надрыв" with "разрыв," treating them as identical; e.g., using "разрыв" for a skin laceration when "надрыв" is more appropriate. Correct: "Он получил надрыв" instead of "Он получил разрыв." Explanation: "Разрыв" implies a complete break (like a rupture), while "надрыв" is for partial tears, so context matters to avoid exaggeration.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, discussions of injuries like lacerations often tie into broader themes of resilience and practicality, especially in rural or outdoor activities. For instance, in literature or folklore, such wounds symbolize endurance, as seen in stories of Cossacks or explorers. However, in modern contexts, there's a strong emphasis on immediate medical intervention, reflecting Russia's advanced healthcare system in urban areas.

Related Concepts:

• рана (рана)
• травма (травма)
• перелом (перелом)