Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'jury'

English Word: jury

Key Russian Translations:

• жюри [ʒyˈri] - [Formal, Used in legal and judicial contexts]

Frequency: Medium (Common in legal discussions, but not everyday conversation; more frequent in formal or international contexts)

Difficulty: B1 (Intermediate; requires familiarity with loanwords and legal vocabulary, but not overly complex for learners at this level)

Pronunciation (Russian):

жюри: [ʒyˈri]

Note on жюри: The pronunciation features a soft 'ж' sound, similar to the 's' in 'measure' in English, with stress on the second syllable. Be cautious with the French-influenced 'ю' sound, which is like 'yu' in "yurt".

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

A group of people sworn to deliver a verdict in a legal trial

Translation(s) & Context:

• жюри - Used in formal legal settings, such as court trials, often borrowed from Western judicial systems; applies to juries in criminal or civil cases.

Usage Examples:

• В суде было выбрано жюри из двенадцати человек для рассмотрения дела.

  In the court, a jury of twelve people was selected to examine the case.

• Жюри вынесло вердикт «невиновен» после длительных дебатов.

  The jury delivered a verdict of "not guilty" after lengthy debates.

• В некоторых странах, включая Россию, жюри используется в особых судебных процессах для обеспечения беспристрастности.

  In some countries, including Russia, a jury is used in specific court proceedings to ensure impartiality.

• Судья обратился к жюри с просьбой тщательно оценить представленные доказательства.

  The judge addressed the jury, asking them to carefully evaluate the presented evidence.

• Жюри в этом процессе состояло из граждан разных профессий, чтобы представить разнообразные взгляды.

  The jury in this trial consisted of citizens from various professions to represent diverse perspectives.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

жюри is a neuter noun borrowed from French and remains largely invariable in Russian. It does not undergo typical noun inflections for cases, numbers, or genders, which is common for many loanwords in modern Russian.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • присяжные - More traditional term for jurors, often used interchangeably but implies a formal oath; commonly in legal texts.
  • заседатели - Refers to session members or jurors in a broader sense, with a slight emphasis on participation in proceedings.
• Antonyms: None directly applicable, as "jury" is a specific legal entity without a clear opposite in Russian.

Related Phrases:

• присяжные заседатели - Jurors or jury members; used in formal court settings to denote individuals on the jury. (Refers to the people serving on a jury panel.)
• жюри присяжных - Jury of peers; a phrase emphasizing the composition of the jury in trials. (Highlights the democratic aspect in legal systems.)
• независимое жюри - Independent jury; common in discussions of fair trials. (Stresses impartiality and autonomy in decision-making.)

Usage Notes:

The Russian translation "жюри" directly corresponds to the English "jury" in legal contexts, particularly in systems influenced by Western traditions. It is typically restricted to formal or professional environments, such as courtrooms, and is less common in everyday Russian speech. When choosing between translations like "жюри" and "присяжные", opt for "жюри" in modern or international contexts, as it retains a neutral, borrowed flavor. Grammatically, it remains uninflected, so no adjustments are needed for cases or numbers, which can make it easier for English learners but may require attention to word order in sentences.

Common Errors:

• Confusing "жюри" with "журналисты" (journalists): English learners might mishear or misuse this due to similar initial sounds. Incorrect: "Журналисты вынесли вердикт" (The journalists delivered a verdict). Correct: "Жюри вынесло вердикт" – Remember, "жюри" specifically means a legal jury, not media professionals.
• Over-inflecting the word: Since "жюри" is invariant, learners might incorrectly add endings, e.g., saying "жюриа" in genitive. Correct usage: Always use "жюри" without changes, as in "работа жюри" (the work of the jury).
• Assuming plural forms: English speakers might expect a plural like "жюриs", but in Russian, context implies plurality. Incorrect: "Жюриs собрались" (not used). Correct: "Жюри собрались" with context clarifying multiple juries.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, the concept of a "jury" as in Western systems (e.g., the U.S.) is not as deeply ingrained, as Russia's legal system historically relied more on judges and panels. The term "жюри" often carries connotations of borrowed Western ideals of democracy and impartiality, especially in post-Soviet contexts. It may evoke ideas of fairness in trials but is sometimes viewed critically in discussions of judicial reform.

Related Concepts:

• суд (court)
• приговор (verdict)
• адвокат (lawyer)
• процесс (trial)