Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'joint'

English Word: joint

Key Russian Translations:

• сустав [ˈsu.stəf] - [Formal, used for anatomical or mechanical contexts]
• соединение [sə.ɪdʲɪˈnʲenʲɪje] - [Formal, technical or engineering contexts]
• косяк [kɐˈsjak] - [Informal, slang for illicit contexts like drug references]

Frequency: Medium (commonly used in medical, everyday, and technical discussions, but not as ubiquitous as basic vocabulary).

Difficulty: B1 (Intermediate; requires understanding of basic noun declensions and context-specific vocabulary; 'сустав' and 'соединение' are B1, while 'косяк' in slang may be B2 due to cultural nuances).

Pronunciation (Russian):

сустав: [ˈsu.stəf]

соединение: [sə.ɪdʲɪˈnʲenʲɪje]

косяк: [kɐˈsjak]

Note on сустав: The stress is on the first syllable; be mindful of the soft 'т' sound, which can be challenging for English speakers due to the lack of a direct equivalent.

Note on соединение: This word has a rolling 'р' in some regional accents; practice with native audio for accuracy.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Anatomical or physical connection (e.g., body part or mechanical joint)

Translation(s) & Context:

• сустав - Used in formal medical or biological contexts, such as describing body joints.
• соединение - Applied in technical or engineering scenarios, like machine parts.

Usage Examples:

• Мой сустав болит после тренировки. (My joint hurts after the workout.)

  Translation: My joint hurts after the workout. (This example shows the word in a health-related context.)

• В механизме есть важное соединение, которое может сломаться. (In the mechanism, there's an important joint that could break.)

  Translation: In the mechanism, there's an important joint that could break. (Illustrates technical usage with potential for mechanical failure.)

• Сустав руки позволяет сгибать пальцы. (The joint of the hand allows bending the fingers.)

  Translation: The joint of the hand allows bending the fingers. (Demonstrates anatomical description in everyday language.)

• Инженеры проверили все соединения в конструкции. (The engineers checked all the joints in the structure.)

  Translation: The engineers checked all the joints in the structure. (Shows plural and professional context.)

Slang or informal reference (e.g., to a marijuana cigarette)

Translation(s) & Context:

• косяк - Informal, often in casual or youth conversations, with potential legal implications.

Usage Examples:

• Он курит косяк на вечеринке. (He's smoking a joint at the party.)

  Translation: He's smoking a joint at the party. (This highlights slang in a social setting, but use cautiously due to sensitivity.)

• Не предлагай мне косяк, я не курю. (Don't offer me a joint; I don't smoke.)

  Translation: Don't offer me a joint; I don't smoke. (Shows refusal in informal dialogue.)

• В некоторых кругах косяк - это способ расслабиться. (In some circles, a joint is a way to relax.)

  Translation: In some circles, a joint is a way to relax. (Illustrates cultural or subcultural usage.)

Russian Forms/Inflections:

Most translations like 'сустав' and 'соединение' are nouns, which follow standard Russian declension patterns. 'Косяк' is also a noun but has irregularities in some forms.

Note: 'Сустав' and 'соединение' follow regular third-declension patterns, while 'косяк' is invariant in some slang uses but generally follows masculine noun rules.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • сустав: сочленение (sochlenenie) - More technical term for joints.
  • соединение: стык (styik) - Used for connections in construction.
  • косяк: джойнт (djoynt) - Borrowed word, informal slang equivalent.
• Antonyms:
  • сустав: разъединение (razʹedinenie) - Disconnection or separation.
  • соединение: разрыв (razryv) - Break or rupture.

Related Phrases:

• Боль в суставе (Pain in the joint) - Refers to discomfort in a body joint, common in medical contexts.
• Сварное соединение (Welded joint) - A fixed phrase in engineering for joined materials.
• Курить косяк (To smoke a joint) - Slang for using marijuana, with informal connotations.

Usage Notes:

• The English word 'joint' translates variably in Russian based on context; choose 'сустав' for anatomical uses, 'соединение' for mechanical ones, and 'косяк' only in informal, slang settings to avoid misunderstandings.
• Be aware of formal vs. informal domains: 'Сустав' is neutral and widely acceptable, while 'косяк' carries legal and cultural baggage.
• In sentences, ensure proper declension; for example, use genitive forms like 'сустава' after prepositions.
• When selecting among translations, prioritize based on audience: formal for professionals, slang for casual conversations.

Common Errors:

• Error: Using 'сустав' in slang contexts, e.g., saying 'курить сустав' instead of 'курить косяк'.
  Correct: 'Курить косяк' – This mistake conflates anatomical and slang meanings, leading to confusion; always match the word to the intended context.
• Error: Forgetting declension, e.g., saying 'болит сустав' in instrumental case when it should be nominative.
  Correct: 'Болит сустав' is fine in nominative, but in phrases like 'о суставе', use genitive 'сустава' – English learners often overlook case endings, which alter meaning in Russian sentences.

Cultural Notes:

The term 'косяк' has strong cultural associations with Russian youth subcultures and the history of drug use, often linked to counterculture movements in the 20th century. In formal settings, it's taboo, reflecting broader societal attitudes toward substance use in Russia.

Related Concepts:

• кости (bones)
• мышцы (muscles)
• наркотики (drugs)