Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'intumescence'

English Word: intumescence

Key Russian Translations:

• вздутие [vzˈdʲuːtʲɪje] - [Formal, Medical or geological contexts]
• опухоль [ɐˈpuxəlʲ] - [Formal, Primarily medical contexts, such as tumors]

Frequency: Low (This term is specialized and not commonly encountered in everyday Russian conversation; it's more frequent in technical literature.)

Difficulty: Advanced (C1 level, as it involves specialized vocabulary and precise contextual usage; learners at B2 may struggle with nuances.)

Pronunciation (Russian):

вздутие: [vzˈdʲuːtʲɪje]

Note on вздутие: The initial 'вз' is a consonant cluster pronounced as [vz], which can be challenging for non-native speakers due to the soft 'дʲ'. Stress falls on the second syllable.

опухоль: [ɐˈpuxəlʲ]

Note on опухоль: The 'х' is a voiceless velar fricative, similar to the 'ch' in Scottish "loch". Stress is on the second syllable, and the word ends with a palatalized 'лʲ'.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Swelling or enlargement (e.g., in medical or geological contexts)

Translation(s) & Context:

• вздутие - Used in formal contexts like describing physical swellings or geological formations, often in scientific writing.
• опухоль - Applied specifically to abnormal swellings like tumors, in medical discussions; avoid in non-medical contexts to prevent misunderstanding.

Usage Examples:

• Врач диагностировал вздутие на коже пациента после ушиба.

  The doctor diagnosed a swelling on the patient's skin after the bruise.

• Геологи обнаружили вздутие в породе, указывающее на вулканическую активность.

  Geologists discovered an intumescence in the rock, indicating volcanic activity.

• Опухоль на руке вызвала сильную боль, и пациент обратился к специалисту.

  The tumor on the arm caused severe pain, and the patient consulted a specialist.

• В лабораторных тестах было выявлено вздутие тканей из-за аллергической реакции.

  Laboratory tests revealed tissue intumescence due to an allergic reaction.

• Хирург удалил опухоль, чтобы предотвратить дальнейшее вздутие.

  The surgeon removed the tumor to prevent further swelling.

Abnormal growth (e.g., in pathology)

Translation(s) & Context:

• опухоль - Common in medical contexts for describing neoplasms or abnormal enlargements; use with caution as it implies pathology.
• вздутие - Less common here, but can refer to non-malignant swellings in broader contexts.

Usage Examples:

• Рентген показал опухоль в легких, требующую немедленного лечения.

  The X-ray showed a tumor in the lungs that required immediate treatment.

• В случае инфекции может возникнуть опухоль, напоминающая вздутие.

  In case of infection, a tumor-like intumescence may occur.

• Опухоль была доброкачественной, но все равно вызвала заметное вздутие.

  The tumor was benign but still caused noticeable swelling.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

Both "вздутие" and "опухоль" are neuter nouns in Russian, which follow standard inflection patterns for third-declension nouns. They exhibit changes based on case, number, and gender agreements. "Вздутие" is a neuter noun ending in -ие, while "опухоль" ends in -оль, both of which are regular but require attention to soft consonants.

Note: These nouns do not change in the plural for all cases as irregularly as some, but always agree with adjectives and verbs based on gender and number.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms: отек (swelling, often fluid-related), набухание (swelling or engorgement) - "отек" is more specific to edema and is commonly used in medical contexts.
• Antonyms: спад (subsidence or reduction), уменьшение (diminution) - "спад" implies a decrease in swelling over time.

Related Phrases:

• вздутие живота - Swelling of the abdomen, often used in medical contexts to describe bloating or abdominal distension.
• опухоль мозга - Brain tumor, a phrase commonly found in oncology discussions, referring to abnormal growths in the brain.
• вздутие тканей - Tissue swelling, used in pathology to describe inflammation or edema in body tissues.

Usage Notes:

"Intumescence" corresponds most directly to "вздутие" in non-medical contexts like geology, but "опухоль" is preferred for pathological swellings to avoid ambiguity. In Russian, these words are formal and should be used in professional settings rather than casual conversation. When choosing between translations, consider the context: "вздутие" for general enlargement and "опухоль" for potentially malignant growths. Grammatically, always ensure agreement with case and number, as Russian nouns inflect extensively.

• Use "вздутие" with prepositions like "из-за" (due to) for causes, e.g., "из-за инфекции".
• Avoid direct word-for-word translation; adapt based on Russian idiomatic expressions.

Common Errors:

English learners often confuse "вздутие" with "опухоль", using "опухоль" for any swelling, which can imply a tumor and cause alarm. For example:

• Incorrect: "У меня опухоль на ноге от ушиба." (This wrongly suggests a tumor.)
• Correct: "У меня вздутие на ноге от ушиба." (This accurately describes a bruise-related swelling.)
• Explanation: The error stems from overgeneralizing "опухоль" as any bump; always check for medical connotations before use.

Another common mistake is failing to inflect properly, e.g., using nominative in all cases: Incorrect: "Я видел опухоль в глаз" (should be "в глазу").

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture and medical discourse, terms like "опухоль" carry significant emotional weight due to historical healthcare challenges in Russia, such as limited access to oncology services. This can make discussions about "intumescence"-related topics more sensitive, emphasizing prevention and early detection in public health campaigns.

Related Concepts:

• инфекция
• воспаление
• травма