Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'intrude'

English Word: intrude

Key Russian Translations:

• вмешиваться [/vmʲɪˈʂɨvət͡sə/] - [Informal, commonly used in everyday conversations for unwanted interference]
• вторгаться [/ftɐrˈɡatsə/] - [Formal, often in contexts of invasion or forceful entry]

Frequency: Medium (The word and its translations appear regularly in spoken and written Russian, especially in discussions about personal boundaries or geopolitical events.)

Difficulty: B1 (Intermediate; requires understanding of reflexive verbs for 'вмешиваться' and verb conjugation basics. 'вторгаться' may be slightly easier for A2 learners due to its straightforward usage in formal contexts.)

Pronunciation (Russian):

вмешиваться: /vmʲɪˈʂɨvət͡sə/ (Note the palatalized 'm' sound, which can be challenging for English speakers; it's similar to 'm' in 'mew'.)

Note on вмешиваться: This is a reflexive verb, so the '-ся' ending indicates the action reflects back on the subject. Pronunciation varies slightly in fast speech, softening the 'sh' sound.

вторгаться: /ftɐrˈɡatsə/ (The initial 'v' is pronounced as a voiced fricative, like 'v' in 'victory', and the stress is on the second syllable.)

Note on вторгаться: In some dialects, the 'g' sound may harden, but standard pronunciation maintains it as soft.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning 1: To enter or interfere without invitation or permission (e.g., in personal or social contexts)

Translation(s) & Context:

• вмешиваться - Used in informal settings, such as interrupting a conversation or meddling in affairs; common in everyday dialogue to express annoyance.

Usage Examples:

• Не вмешивайся в чужие дела, это не твоё дело.

  Don't intrude into other people's affairs; it's none of your business.

• Он всегда вмешивается в семейные споры, что раздражает всех.

  He always intrudes into family arguments, which annoys everyone.

• Вмешавшись в разговор, она нарушила конфиденциальность.

  By intruding into the conversation, she breached confidentiality.

• Я не хочу вмешиваться, но тебе нужна помощь.

  I don't want to intrude, but you need help.

Meaning 2: To force entry or invade, often with a sense of aggression (e.g., in military or territorial contexts)

Translation(s) & Context:

• вторгаться - Applied in formal or serious contexts, such as military actions or unauthorized access; conveys a stronger, more invasive connotation.

Usage Examples:

• Враги вторглись в страну под покровом ночи.

  The enemies intruded into the country under the cover of night.

• Это вторжение нарушает международные законы.

  This intrusion violates international laws.

• Вторгаться в чужую территорию — это акт агрессии.

  To intrude into foreign territory is an act of aggression.

• Они не должны вторгаться без разрешения.

  They shouldn't intrude without permission.

• Вторгшись в систему, хакеры украли данные.

  By intruding into the system, hackers stole the data.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

Both key translations are verbs, so they follow Russian verb conjugation patterns. 'вмешиваться' is a reflexive imperfective verb, while 'вторгаться' is also reflexive and can be imperfective or perfective in context.

Note: These verbs are irregular in their reflexive forms, meaning the '-ся' ending must be adjusted based on tense and aspect. For non-reflexive contexts, related forms like 'вмешивать' (to interfere with something) exist but are less direct translations.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • нарушать (/nɐˈruʂətʲ/) - Similar to 'вмешиваться' but implies breaking rules; often used in legal contexts.
  • вторжать (less common, /ftɐrˈʐatʲ/) - A variant of 'вторгаться' with slight emphasis on suddenness.
• Antonyms:
  • воздерживаться (/vɐzdrʲɪˈʐɨvət͡sə/) - To refrain or hold back.
  • уважать (/ʊˈvaʐətʲ/) - To respect boundaries.

Related Phrases:

• вмешаться в разговор - To intrude into a conversation; used when someone interrupts unexpectedly.
• вторгнуться в чужую жизнь - To intrude into someone's life; implies a deep, personal invasion with emotional connotations.
• неприглашенный гость - Uninvited guest; a common phrase related to social intrusion, often in idiomatic expressions.

Usage Notes:

In Russian, 'вмешиваться' is the go-to translation for everyday intrusions, like in social settings, and is often paired with prepositions like 'в' (into). It's more neutral and common in informal speech. 'вторгаться' carries a heavier weight, suitable for formal or aggressive contexts, and aligns closely with English 'intrude' in legal or military scenarios. Choose based on context: use 'вмешиваться' for personal matters and 'вторгаться' for territorial ones. Be mindful of the reflexive ending, which is essential for correct grammar.

• Grammar tip: Always include the reflexive particle '-ся' to maintain the verb's meaning.
• Contextual advice: In polite Russian, phrases like 'Можно вмешаться?' (May I intrude?) soften the impact.

Common Errors:

English learners often forget the reflexive '-ся' ending, saying 'вмешивать' instead of 'вмешиваться', which changes the meaning to 'to interfere with something' rather than 'to intrude personally'. Correct: Use 'вмешиваться' for self-involvement. Error example: *Я вмешивать в спор* (incorrect) vs. Correct: Я вмешиваюсь в спор (I am intruding into the argument). Another mistake is overusing 'вторгаться' in casual contexts, making speech sound overly dramatic; reserve it for serious situations.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, intruding into personal affairs ('вмешиваться') is often seen as rude, reflecting the value placed on privacy and respect for boundaries, especially in family or social circles. Historically, 'вторгаться' evokes memories of invasions like those in World War II, adding a layer of sensitivity to its use in discussions about territory or sovereignty.

Related Concepts:

• вмешательство
• нарушение
• агрессия