Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'interference'

English Word: interference

Key Russian Translations:

• вмешательство (/vʲmʲɪˈʂa.t͡s.t.və/) - [Formal, often used in political or legal contexts]
• помеха (/pɐˈmʲɛ.xə/) - [Informal/Technical, commonly used in electronics or communication scenarios]

Frequency: Medium - The word is frequently encountered in formal discussions, such as politics or technology, but less so in everyday casual speech.

Difficulty: B2 - Intermediate level, as it requires understanding contextual nuances; for "вмешательство", it's B2 due to its abstract usage, while "помеха" might be A2 for basic technical contexts.

Pronunciation (Russian):

вмешательство: /vʲmʲɪˈʂa.t͡s.t.və/

помеха: /pɐˈmʲɛ.xə/

Note on вмешательство: The "ш" sound is a voiceless postalveolar fricative, which can be challenging for English speakers; it sounds like "sh" in "she" but with a softer, more palatal quality. Variations may occur in regional dialects.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

1. Interference as unwanted disruption or disturbance (e.g., in signals or communication)

Translation(s) & Context:

• помеха - Used in technical contexts like radio or electronics to describe signal disruptions.

Usage Examples:

• Электромагнитная помеха часто вызывает проблемы с мобильной связью в городах.

  Electromagnetic interference often causes problems with mobile connectivity in cities.

• Из-за помех на линии, разговор прервался на середине.

  Due to interference on the line, the conversation was cut off midway.

• В старых радиоприемниках помеха от атмосферных разрядов была обычным явлением.

  In old radio receivers, interference from atmospheric discharges was a common occurrence.

• Чтобы избежать помех, инженеры установили фильтры на оборудование.

  To avoid interference, engineers installed filters on the equipment.

2. Interference as intervention in affairs (e.g., political or personal)

Translation(s) & Context:

• вмешательство - Used in formal contexts to denote meddling or involvement in others' matters, often with negative connotations.

Usage Examples:

• Международное вмешательство в конфликт помогло предотвратить эскалацию.

  International interference in the conflict helped prevent escalation.

• Родители иногда считают, что их вмешательство в дела детей оправдано.

  Parents sometimes believe that their interference in their children's affairs is justified.

• Вмешательство правительства в экономику может привести к непредвиденным последствиям.

  Government interference in the economy can lead to unforeseen consequences.

• Без внешнего вмешательства, ситуация могла бы выйти из-под контроля.

  Without external interference, the situation could have gotten out of control.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

For "вмешательство" (a neuter noun), it follows the standard pattern for third-declension nouns in Russian. It is indeclinable in the sense that its stem does not change, but it inflects by case and number as shown below:

For "помеха" (a feminine noun), it inflects regularly as a first-declension noun:

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • внедрение (more neutral, often for insertion or implementation)
  • вовлечение (implies involvement, with less negative connotation)
• Antonyms:
  • невмешательство (non-interference, used in diplomatic contexts)
  • воздержание (restraint or abstention)

Related Phrases:

• Вооруженное вмешательство - Armed interference; often refers to military involvement in conflicts.
• Электромагнитная помеха - Electromagnetic interference; common in technical discussions about devices.
• Внешнее вмешательство - External interference; used in politics to describe foreign involvement.

Usage Notes:

"Вмешательство" closely mirrors the English "interference" in formal contexts but carries a stronger implication of illegitimacy or disruption. It is typically used in singular form and requires careful attention to case endings in Russian sentences. For "помеха", it's more specific to physical or technical disruptions, unlike the broader English term. When choosing between translations, opt for "вмешательство" in interpersonal or political scenarios and "помеха" in tech-related ones. Always consider the formal register, as these words are less common in casual speech.

Common Errors:

• Error: Confusing "вмешательство" with "вмешательство" in the wrong case, e.g., using nominative in a genitive context like "из-за вмешательство" instead of "из-за вмешательства". Correct: Always match the case, as in "из-за вмешательства" (due to interference). This stems from Russian's complex case system, which English learners often overlook.

• Error: Using "помеха" in non-technical contexts, e.g., saying "помеха в отношениях" (interference in relationships) when "вмешательство" is more appropriate. Correct: "Вмешательство в отношениях" – This mistake arises from overgeneralizing the word's meaning.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture and media, "вмешательство" often appears in discussions of international relations, evoking historical events like the Cold War or modern geopolitical tensions. It carries a connotation of sovereignty violation, reflecting Russia's emphasis on non-interference in domestic affairs as a principle in diplomacy.

Related Concepts:

• конфликт (conflict)
• вовлечение (involvement)
• препятствие (obstacle)