Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'integument'

English Word: integument

Key Russian Translations:

• покров [ˈpɔkrəf] - [Formal, Technical]
• оболочка [ɐˈbɔlətʃkə] - [Formal, Technical]

Frequency: Low (Primarily used in scientific and biological contexts; not common in everyday conversation.)

Difficulty: Advanced (Equivalent to C1-C2 on the CEFR scale, as it involves specialized vocabulary and understanding of Russian noun declensions; varies slightly by translation.)

Pronunciation (Russian):

покров: [ˈpɔkrəf]

Note on покров: The stress is on the first syllable; the 'р' is rolled, which can be challenging for English speakers. Variations may occur in fast speech.

оболочка: [ɐˈbɔlətʃkə]

Note on оболочка: The 'ч' is a palatalized 'ch' sound, similar to 'ch' in 'church', but softer; ensure correct stress on the second syllable to avoid mispronunciation.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Biological covering or protective layer

Translation(s) & Context:

• покров - Used in botanical and zoological contexts to refer to a protective outer layer, such as the seed coat in plants. Common in formal scientific writing or discussions.
• оболочка - Applied to outer coverings or envelopes, like cell membranes or protective shells, often in a more general biological sense.

Usage Examples:

• В биологии интегюмент растений представляет собой покров, который защищает семена от внешних факторов.

  In biology, the integument of plants is a covering that protects seeds from external factors.

• У насекомых интегюмент служит оболочкой, обеспечивая прочность и гибкость тела.

  In insects, the integument serves as a shell, providing strength and flexibility to the body.

• Исследователи изучают, как интегюмент влияет на рост покрова у млекопитающих.

  Researchers study how the integument affects the growth of the covering in mammals.

• В анатомии человека интегюмент можно рассматривать как оболочку, включающую кожу и её придатки.

  In human anatomy, the integument can be viewed as a shell that includes the skin and its appendages.

• Покров семян, или интегюмент, часто подвергается эволюционным изменениям в разных видах растений.

  The seed covering, or integument, often undergoes evolutionary changes in different plant species.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

Both "покров" and "оболочка" are nouns in Russian. "Покров" is a masculine noun of the second declension, while "оболочка" is a feminine noun of the first declension. Russian nouns inflect for case, number, and gender, which is essential for correct usage.

Note: These are regular declensions. Always adjust based on sentence context to ensure grammatical agreement.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • кожа (koža) - More specific to skin, often used interchangeably in dermatological contexts.
  • покрытие (pokrytie) - General covering, with a broader application but less technical nuance.
• Antonyms:
  • ядро (yadra) - Core or nucleus, implying the opposite of an outer layer.

Related Phrases:

• Кожный покров (kozhnyy pokrov) - Skin covering; refers to the outer layer of skin in humans and animals.
• Защитная оболочка (zashchitnaya obolochka) - Protective shell; used for barriers in biology or technology.
• Покров семян (pokrov semyan) - Seed coat; a specific phrase in botany for plant integuments.

Usage Notes:

In Russian, "покров" and "оболочка" are precise equivalents for "integument" in biological contexts, but "покров" is preferred in botany while "оболочка" suits zoology or general anatomy. Always consider the formal register, as these terms are rarely used informally. For English speakers, note that Russian requires noun agreement in gender, number, and case—e.g., use the genitive case for possession: "покрова растения" (of the plant's covering). When choosing between translations, opt for "покров" if emphasizing a natural protective layer.

Common Errors:

• Error: Using "покров" without proper declension, e.g., saying "в покров" instead of "в покрове" (in the covering). Correct: "в покрове" – This mistakes the prepositional case, which is common for beginners.

• Error: Confusing "покров" with "покрытие," leading to misuse in scientific texts. Correct: Use "покров" for biological integuments and "покрытие" for man-made coverings, as they have different connotations.

• Error: Omitting gender agreement, e.g., using an adjective that doesn't match "покров" (masculine). Correct: Say "защитный покров" (protective covering) instead of "защитная покров" – Always check adjective endings based on noun gender.

Cultural Notes:

As a scientific term, "integument" and its Russian translations like "покров" do not carry significant cultural or historical connotations in everyday Russian culture. However, in Russian scientific literature, such terms reflect the influence of Western biology, dating back to 19th-century translations of Darwin and other naturalists, emphasizing Russia's contributions to fields like botany.

Related Concepts:

• кожа (koža)
• оболочка (obolochka)
• ядро (yadro)