Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'infusion'

English Word: infusion

Key Russian Translations:

• инфузия [ɪnˈfu.zʲɪ.jə] - [Formal, Medical context]
• настой [nɐˈstoj] - [Informal, Everyday context for beverages or herbal preparations]

Frequency: Medium (Common in medical and culinary discussions, but not everyday casual speech)

Difficulty: B1 (Intermediate for инфузия; A2 for настой, as it involves basic noun inflections)

Pronunciation (Russian):

инфузия: [ɪnˈfu.zʲɪ.jə]

Note on инфузия: The stress falls on the second syllable ("fu"), which is a common point of difficulty for English speakers due to Russian's variable stress patterns.

настой: [nɐˈstoj]

Note on настой: The final "й" sound is a soft consonant, similar to the "y" in "yes," and the word is often pronounced quickly in casual speech.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning 1: Medical infusion (e.g., intravenous fluid administration)

Translation(s) & Context:

• инфузия - Used in formal medical settings, such as hospitals, to refer to the process of introducing fluids into the body.

Usage Examples:

• Врачи провели инфузию для стабилизации состояния пациента.

  The doctors performed an infusion to stabilize the patient's condition. (This example shows the word in a clinical context, emphasizing its role in emergency care.)

• Инфузия глюкозы помогла восстановить силы больного.

  The glucose infusion helped restore the patient's strength. (Here, it demonstrates the word with a specific substance in a treatment scenario.)

• После операции пациенту назначили ежедневную инфузию антибиотиков.

  After the surgery, the patient was prescribed a daily infusion of antibiotics. (This illustrates ongoing medical use in a routine context.)

• Инфузия проводится под строгим медицинским контролем.

  The infusion is carried out under strict medical supervision. (This example highlights procedural aspects in a formal setting.)

Meaning 2: Infusion as in a steeped liquid (e.g., tea or herbal extract)

Translation(s) & Context:

• настой - Used in everyday contexts like cooking or herbal medicine, referring to liquids extracted by steeping.

Usage Examples:

• Я заварила настой из ромашки для успокоения нервов.

  I brewed an infusion of chamomile to soothe my nerves. (This shows the word in a home remedy context, common in daily life.)

• Настой трав помогает при простуде.

  The herbal infusion helps with a cold. (Demonstrates its use in informal health practices.)

• Для этого рецепта нужно приготовить настой из свежих листьев.

  For this recipe, you need to prepare an infusion from fresh leaves. (This example places it in a culinary or DIY setting.)

• Настой чая должен настаиваться не менее пяти минут.

  The tea infusion should steep for at least five minutes. (Illustrates the process in beverage preparation.)

Russian Forms/Inflections:

Both primary translations are nouns, but they follow different inflection patterns in Russian. Инфузия is a feminine noun (3rd declension), while настой is a masculine noun (2nd declension). Below is a table outlining key inflections:

Note: Инфузия has irregular plural forms in some cases, while настой follows standard masculine patterns. These nouns do not change for verb agreement but must align with case requirements in sentences.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms for инфузия: инъекция (injection; more specific to needle-based methods), переливание (transfusion; for blood-related infusions)
• Synonyms for настой: отвар (decoction; similar but involves boiling), экстракт (extract; for concentrated forms)
• Antonyms for инфузия: выведение (withdrawal or excretion)
• Antonyms for настой: чистая вода (pure water; implying no infusion)

Note: Инъекция is often used interchangeably with инфузия in medical contexts but implies a faster administration method.

Related Phrases:

• Внутривенная инфузия - Intravenous infusion; Used in hospital settings for direct bloodstream delivery.
• Травяной настой - Herbal infusion; Common in natural remedies for health benefits.
• Капельная инфузия - Drip infusion; Refers to slow, controlled medical administration.
• Горячий настой чая - Hot tea infusion; A phrase for preparing warm beverages in daily life.

Usage Notes:

"Infusion" in English can correspond to either инфузия or настой in Russian, depending on the context. For medical scenarios, always use инфузия as it is the standard term in formal healthcare. Настой is more versatile for non-medical uses like tea-making and is often informal. Be mindful of case endings when integrating these words into sentences; for example, in genitive constructions like "проблемы с инфузией" (problems with infusion). When choosing between translations, opt for инфузия in professional settings and настой for everyday or culinary discussions to ensure cultural appropriateness.

Common Errors:

• Error: Confusing инфузия with инъекция and using them interchangeably. Incorrect: "Я сделал инъекцию для витаминов" (when meaning a slow infusion). Correct: "Я сделал инфузию для витаминов." Explanation: Инъекция implies a quick injection, while инфузия is for gradual delivery, so context matters to avoid medical misunderstandings.

• Error: Forgetting case inflections, e.g., using nominative in all positions. Incorrect: "Пить настой" in a dative context. Correct: "Пить настоем" (using instrumental for "with the infusion"). Explanation: Russian requires precise case agreement, which English speakers often overlook, leading to grammatically incorrect sentences.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, настой is deeply tied to traditional herbal medicine and tea-drinking customs, often associated with home remedies passed down through generations. For instance, infusions like chamomile or Ivan-tea are not just beverages but symbols of comfort and natural healing, reflecting Russia's historical reliance on folk medicine in rural areas.

Related Concepts:

• инъекция
• переливание
• отвар
• экстракт