Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'induce'

English Word: induce

Key Russian Translations:

• вызывать [vɨˈzʲyvətʲ] - [Formal, commonly used in scientific or medical contexts]
• побуждать [pɐˈbuʐdətʲ] - [Formal, often in psychological or motivational contexts]
• индуцировать [ɪndʊˈtsɪrəvətʲ] - [Formal, technical; used in scientific or engineering fields]

Frequency: Medium (This word and its translations are encountered in everyday language, especially in professional or academic settings, but not as common in casual conversation.)

Difficulty: B2 (Intermediate; requires understanding of verb conjugations and contextual usage. For 'вызывать' and 'побуждать', B2; for 'индуцировать', it may reach C1 due to its specialized nature.)

Pronunciation (Russian):

вызывать: [vɨˈzʲyvətʲ]

Note on вызывать: The stress falls on the second syllable ('zy-'). This verb can have slight regional variations in pronunciation, such as softening of consonants in some dialects.

побуждать: [pɐˈbuʐdətʲ]

Note on побуждать: Pay attention to the soft 'zh' sound, which can be challenging for English speakers; it's similar to the 's' in 'measure'.

индуцировать: [ɪndʊˈtsɪrəvətʲ]

Note on индуцировать: This borrowed word retains English-like sounds, but the Russian stress is on the third syllable.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

To bring about or cause (e.g., induce a reaction)

Translation(s) & Context:

• вызывать - Used in contexts like medical or natural processes, such as inducing labor or a chemical reaction.
• индуцировать - Specifically for scientific induction, like in physics or biology.

Usage Examples:

• Врач решил вызвать роды, так как срок беременности превысил норму.

  The doctor decided to induce labor since the pregnancy had exceeded the normal term.

• Этот стимул может вызвать аллергическую реакцию у чувствительных людей.

  This stimulus can induce an allergic reaction in sensitive individuals.

• В эксперименте ученые индуцировали электрический ток с помощью магнитного поля.

  In the experiment, scientists induced an electric current using a magnetic field.

• Изменение температуры способно вызвать изменения в поведении животных.

  A change in temperature can induce changes in animal behavior.

To persuade or influence (e.g., induce someone to act)

Translation(s) & Context:

• побуждать - Common in motivational or social contexts, such as encouraging action.
• вызывать - Less direct, used when persuasion leads to an emotional or behavioral response.

Usage Examples:

• Рекламные кампании часто побуждают потребителей покупать ненужные товары.

  Advertising campaigns often induce consumers to buy unnecessary goods.

• Его речь смогла побудить аудиторию к активным действиям.

  His speech was able to induce the audience to take active steps.

• Родители стараются вызвать интерес к чтению у детей с раннего возраста.

  Parents try to induce an interest in reading in children from an early age.

• Фильм побуждает зрителей задуматься о последствиях своих выборов.

  The film induces viewers to think about the consequences of their choices.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

All key translations are verbs, which in Russian undergo conjugation based on tense, aspect, person, and number. These are imperfective verbs, meaning they express ongoing or repeated actions. Below is a conjugation table for 'вызывать' as an example; similar patterns apply to 'побуждать' and 'индуцировать' with minor irregularities.

For 'побуждать', it follows a similar pattern but with irregularities in the past tense for gender agreement. 'Индуцировать' is less commonly inflected in everyday speech and remains stable in formal contexts.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • провоцировать (provotsirovat') - More intense, implying provocation.
  • стимулировать (stimulirovat') - Focuses on stimulation or encouragement.
• Antonyms:
  • предотвращать (predotvrashchat') - To prevent or stop.
  • сдерживать (sderzhivat') - To restrain or hold back.

Related Phrases:

• Вызвать интерес (vyzvat' interes) - To arouse interest; used in educational or marketing contexts.
• Побуждать к действию (pobuzhdat' k deystviyu) - To induce action; common in motivational speeches.
• Индуцировать изменения (indutsirovat' izmeneniya) - To induce changes; typically in scientific or reform discussions.

Usage Notes:

'Вызывать' is the most direct equivalent to 'induce' in general contexts and is preferred for causing physical or emotional responses, while 'побуждать' suits persuasive scenarios. In Russian, these verbs must agree with the subject in person, number, and gender, which differs from English. Choose 'индуцировать' for technical fields to maintain precision. Be mindful of formal contexts, as these words are rarely used informally; opt for simpler synonyms in casual speech.

• Always consider the aspect: Russian verbs have perfective counterparts (e.g., вызвать for вызывать), which imply completion.
• In translations, 'induce' may not always map perfectly; context dictates the best choice to avoid literal translations.

Common Errors:

English learners often misuse these verbs by confusing them with similar ones or neglecting conjugation. For example:

• Error: Using 'вызывать' without proper conjugation, e.g., saying "Я вызывать реакцию" instead of "Я вызываю реакцию". Correction: Always conjugate based on subject (e.g., "Я вызываю" for "I induce"). This stems from English's lack of conjugation, leading to incomplete verb forms.
• Error: Mixing up 'вызывать' and 'побуждать' in contexts, e.g., using 'вызывать' for persuasion when 'побуждать' is more appropriate. Correction: Use 'побуждать' for emotional influence, as in "Эта книга побуждает к размышлениям" (This book induces reflection), not "вызывает".

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, words like 'побуждать' often appear in literature and rhetoric, reflecting a historical emphasis on persuasion and motivation, as seen in Soviet-era propaganda or modern self-help. 'Индуцировать' highlights Russia's scientific heritage, such as in the works of physicists like Lomonosov, adding a layer of intellectual connotation.

Related Concepts:

• стимулировать (stimulirovat')
• провоцировать (provotsirovat')
• возбуждать (vozbudhat')