Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'individually'

English Word: individually

Key Russian Translations:

• индивидуально [IPA: /ˌɪndʲɪvʲɪˈduəlnə/] - [Formal, used in contexts like education or professional settings]
• по отдельности [IPA: /pə ɐˈtʲɛlʲnəstʲi/] - [Informal, used in everyday conversations or when emphasizing separation]

Frequency: Medium (commonly used in written and spoken Russian, especially in formal or technical contexts, but not as ubiquitous as basic adverbs).

Difficulty: B1 (Intermediate; requires understanding of abstract concepts and adverbial usage, but straightforward for learners familiar with basic grammar).

Pronunciation (Russian):

индивидуально: [IPA: /ˌɪndʲɪvʲɪˈduəlnə/]

Note on индивидуально: The stress falls on the fourth syllable ("duəlnə"), which can be tricky for English speakers due to the soft consonants; practice with native audio for accurate intonation.

Audio: []

по отдельности: [IPA: /pə ɐˈtʲɛlʲnəstʲi/]

Note on по отдельности: This phrase has a more fluid pronunciation; the "по" is often reduced in casual speech, making it sound like /pə/.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning 1: Separately or one by one, referring to actions, items, or considerations done individually rather than collectively.

Translation(s) & Context:

• индивидуально - Used in formal contexts, such as business meetings or academic discussions, to emphasize personalized treatment.
• по отдельности - Applied in informal or practical scenarios, like dividing tasks or objects, to highlight distinct separation.

Usage Examples:

• Каждый студент должен выполнять задания индивидуально.

  Each student should complete the assignments individually.

• Мы рассмотрим ваши предложения по отдельности, чтобы избежать путаницы.

  We will consider your suggestions separately to avoid confusion.

• В этой игре игроки соревнуются индивидуально, а не в командах.

  In this game, players compete individually, not in teams.

• Покупайте билеты по отдельности, если вы путешествуете в разное время.

  Buy tickets separately if you're traveling at different times.

• Учитель оценивает каждого ребенка индивидуально на основе его способностей.

  The teacher assesses each child individually based on their abilities.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

Both "индивидуально" and "по отдельности" are adverbs, which typically do not inflect in Russian. Adverbs like these remain unchanged regardless of gender, number, or case of the nouns they modify.

For "индивидуально" (derived from the adjective "индивидуальный"), it is invariant and does not change form. Similarly, "по отдельности" is a prepositional phrase that functions as an adverb and remains stable across contexts.

If the base word "индивидуальный" (adjective) were used, it would inflect as follows:

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • отдельно (separately; more neutral and common in everyday speech)
  • лично (personally; implies individual involvement)
• Antonyms:
  • вместе (together; used when actions are collective)
  • коллективно (collectively; formal, especially in group settings)

Note: "отдельно" is often interchangeable with "по отдельности" but may imply physical separation more strongly.

Related Phrases:

• индивидуальный подход - An individual approach; refers to personalized methods in teaching or management.
• по отдельности анализировать - To analyze separately; used in scientific or problem-solving contexts.
• индивидуально настроить - To adjust individually; common in technology or customization scenarios.

Usage Notes:

• Use "индивидуально" for more formal or precise correspondence to "individually," especially when discussing unique treatment or customization.
• "По отдельности" is better for informal contexts where separation is literal, such as dividing items, and it aligns with everyday English usage of "separately."
• Be mindful of register: "индивидуально" is preferred in professional writing, while "по отдельности" suits spoken language to avoid sounding overly stiff.
• When translating, choose based on context; for example, in educational settings, "индивидуально" captures the nuance of personalized learning.

Common Errors:

• English learners often confuse "индивидуально" with "индивидуальный," mistakenly using the adjective form where an adverb is needed. For example: Incorrect: "Я индивидуальный сделаю." (Wrong: mixing adjective with verb). Correct: "Я сделаю это индивидуально." (I will do this individually.)
• Another error is overusing "по отдельности" in formal contexts, which can make writing sound casual. Explanation: In academic papers, opt for "индивидуально" instead to maintain a professional tone.
• Learners might forget that these adverbs don't require agreement with nouns, leading to unnecessary inflections. For instance: Incorrect: "индивидуальны задачи" (redundant). Correct: "индивидуальные задачи" if using the adjective, but keep adverbs unchanged.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, concepts like "индивидуально" often contrast with the historical emphasis on collectivism, especially in Soviet-era contexts. For example, education and work environments have traditionally prioritized group efforts, so using "individually" can highlight personal initiative, which is increasingly valued in modern Russian society.

Related Concepts:

• коллективно (collectively)
• лично (personally)
• отдельный (separate)