Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'indemnity'

English Word: indemnity

Key Russian Translations:

• возмещение [vəzmʲɪˈɕːenʲɪje] - [Formal, Legal context]
• индемнитет [ɪndɛmˈnʲitʲet] - [Formal, Technical or borrowed term, often in international law]

Frequency: Medium (commonly used in legal, insurance, and business contexts in Russian media and documents)

Difficulty: B2 (Intermediate; requires understanding of legal terminology and noun declensions, but accessible with intermediate vocabulary knowledge)

Pronunciation (Russian):

возмещение: [vəzmʲɪˈɕːenʲɪje]

индемнитет: [ɪndɛmˈnʲitʲet]

Note on возмещение: The stress is on the third syllable ('ɕːenʲɪje'), and the 'щ' sound is a soft, fricative 'sh' which can be challenging for English speakers. Pronounce it with a clear separation between vowels.

Note on индемнитет: This is a borrowed word from English/French, so pronunciation is relatively straightforward, but ensure the final 't' is not aspirated.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning 1: Financial compensation or protection against loss, damage, or liability (e.g., in insurance or legal contracts)

Translation(s) & Context:

• возмещение - Used in formal legal and insurance contexts, such as claiming damages in a contract.
• индемнитет - Applied in international agreements or technical discussions, emphasizing legal indemnity clauses.

Usage Examples:

• Ваш полис страхования предусматривает возмещение убытков в случае аварии.

  Your insurance policy provides indemnity for losses in case of an accident.

• Компания обязана выплатить возмещение пострадавшим в результате нарушения контракта.

  The company is obligated to pay indemnity to those harmed as a result of the contract breach.

• Индемнитет в этом договоре защищает инвесторов от потенциальных рисков.

  The indemnity in this agreement protects investors from potential risks.

• Суд присудил возмещение ущерба за причиненный вред имуществу.

  The court awarded indemnity for the damage caused to the property.

• В международном праве индемнитет часто используется для урегулирования споров между странами.

  In international law, indemnity is often used to settle disputes between countries.

Meaning 2: A legal exemption or promise to compensate for harm (e.g., in warranties or guarantees)

Translation(s) & Context:

• возмещение - Common in everyday legal documents, like product warranties.
• индемнитет - More specific to formal agreements, such as treaties or corporate clauses.

Usage Examples:

• Гарантия включает возмещение, если товар окажется дефектным.

  The warranty includes indemnity if the product turns out to be defective.

• Индемнитет в контракте освобождает компанию от ответственности за непредвиденные события.

  The indemnity in the contract exempts the company from liability for unforeseen events.

• Покупатель требует возмещение за неисполнение обязательств поставщиком.

  The buyer is demanding indemnity for the supplier's failure to fulfill obligations.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

Both main translations are nouns. "Возмещение" is a neuter noun in the second declension, which follows regular patterns. "Индемнитет" is also a neuter noun but less commonly inflected in modern Russian due to its borrowed status.

Note: "Индемнитет" is often used in its base form and does not change as frequently in informal contexts.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • компенсация (kompensatsiya) - Similar to compensation, often interchangeable in financial contexts.
  • ущерб (ushcherb) - More general, meaning damage, but can imply need for indemnity.
  • возврат (vozvrat) - Specifically for refunds, with subtle differences in legal implications.
• Antonyms:
  • убыток (ubytok) - Loss, directly opposing the idea of compensation.
  • ответственность (otvetstvennost') - Liability, as it contrasts with exemption from harm.

Related Phrases:

• возмещение ущерба - Indemnity for damage; used in legal claims to refer to compensation for harm.
• страховое возмещение - Insurance indemnity; common in policies for covering losses.
• индемнитет от рисков - Indemnity against risks; typically in business contracts to protect parties.

Usage Notes:

In Russian, "возмещение" is the more natural and frequently used equivalent for "indemnity" in everyday legal and financial contexts, while "индемнитет" is a direct borrowing reserved for formal or international settings. English speakers should note that Russian nouns like these require declension based on case, so always adjust for grammar (e.g., genitive for possession). Choose "возмещение" for domestic scenarios and "индемнитет" for cross-border agreements to ensure precision. Be mindful of the formal register; these terms are rarely used in casual conversation.

Common Errors:

• Error: Using "возмещение" without proper declension, e.g., saying "получить возмещение" instead of "получить возмещение" (correct), but forgetting in other cases like "о возмещение" (should be "о возмещении" in prepositional case).

  Correct: В суде обсуждалось возмещение (nominative). Explanation: Russian requires case agreement, so learners often overlook this, leading to grammatical errors.

• Error: Confusing "индемнитет" with "индемнификация" (a less common variant), which might not be recognized in standard contexts.

  Correct: Use "индемнитет" in legal texts. Explanation: This borrowing can be misused; stick to established terms to avoid sounding unnatural.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture and legal systems, concepts like "возмещение" are heavily influenced by Soviet-era practices, where state-provided indemnity for workplace injuries was common. Today, it reflects a growing emphasis on individual rights in post-Soviet societies, often tied to Western influences in business law.

Related Concepts:

• компенсация
• страхование
• ущерб