Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'incision'

English Word: incision

Key Russian Translations:

• надрез [nɐˈdrɛz] - [Formal, Medical context]
• инцизия [ɪnʦɨˈzʲijə] - [Formal, Technical term in surgery]

Frequency: Medium (Common in medical and scientific texts, but less frequent in everyday conversation)

Difficulty: B2 (Intermediate; requires familiarity with medical vocabulary and basic Russian noun inflections)

Pronunciation (Russian):

надрез: [nɐˈdrɛz]

Note on надрез: The stress is on the second syllable; be careful with the soft 'р' sound, which can be challenging for English speakers. A common variation in casual speech might soften the final consonant.

инцизия: [ɪnʦɨˈzʲijə]

Note on инцизия: Pronounce the 'ц' as a voiceless alveolar affricate, similar to 'ts' in 'bits'. The palatalized 'зʲ' adds a soft quality, which is typical in borrowed words.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning 1: A surgical cut made in the body for medical purposes

Translation(s) & Context:

• надрез - Used in general medical descriptions, often in formal or professional contexts like hospital reports.
• инцизия - Preferred in precise surgical terminology, especially in academic or specialized medical discussions.

Usage Examples:

• Врач сделал надрез на коже пациента для удаления опухоли.

  The doctor made an incision in the patient's skin to remove the tumor.

• Инцизия была выполнена с помощью скальпеля во время операции.

  The incision was made with a scalpel during the surgery.

• После надреза рана была аккуратно зашита нитями.

  After the incision, the wound was carefully stitched with threads.

• Хирург провёл инцизию в брюшной полости для диагностики.

  The surgeon performed an incision in the abdominal cavity for diagnosis.

• Надрез на руке зажил быстро благодаря правильному уходу.

  The incision on the arm healed quickly due to proper care.

Meaning 2: A deliberate cut or slit in a non-medical context (e.g., in materials or objects)

Translation(s) & Context:

• надрез - Informal or everyday use, such as in crafting or DIY scenarios.

Usage Examples:

• Я сделал надрез на ткани, чтобы вставить молнию.

  I made an incision in the fabric to insert the zipper.

• Надрез в бумаге позволил легко сложить origami.

  The incision in the paper made it easy to fold origami.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

Both primary translations, "надрез" and "инцизия", are masculine nouns in Russian. They follow standard first-declension patterns for masculine nouns, with regular inflections based on case and number. "Надрез" is a common noun with straightforward changes, while "инцизия" (a borrowed word) may have less variation in informal use but still inflects regularly.

Note: These nouns do not have irregular forms, making them relatively easy for learners, but always pay attention to the ending changes based on case.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • разрез (razrez) - Similar to a cut, but often implies a wider opening; used in both medical and general contexts.
  • вскрытие (vskrytie) - More specific to opening or incision in surgery, with a connotation of exposure.
• Antonyms:
  • заживление (zazhivlenie) - Healing, as it opposes the act of cutting.
  • склеивание (skleyivanie) - Joining or gluing, contrasting with separation via incision.

Related Phrases:

• Сделать надрез (sdelat' nadrez) - To make an incision; used in procedural instructions, e.g., in surgery or crafts.
• Хирургическая инцизия (khirurgicheskaya intsiziya) - Surgical incision; a formal phrase in medical reports, implying a precise procedure.
• Надрез кожи (nadrez kozhi) - Incision of the skin; common in dermatology contexts, with a literal meaning of cutting the skin.

Usage Notes:

"Надрез" is a more general term that can be used in everyday Russian for any type of cut, while "инцизия" is specifically borrowed from Latin and reserved for medical or scientific contexts. English speakers should note that Russian nouns require case agreement, so "incision" as an object might appear as "надрез" in nominative but "надрезом" in instrumental. Choose "инцизия" for formal writing to align with international medical terminology, but "надрез" for broader accessibility. Be mindful of context: in casual conversation, overuse of "инцизия" might sound overly technical.

Common Errors:

• Error: Using "надрез" interchangeably with "инцизия" in medical texts without considering formality. Correct: In a surgical report, prefer "инцизия" for precision. Example of error: "Врач сделал надрез во время операции" (could be too informal); Correct: "Врач выполнил инцизию во время операции". Explanation: This maintains professional tone and avoids dilution of meaning.

• Error: Forgetting noun inflections, e.g., using "надрез" in genitive as "надрез" instead of "надреза". Correct: "Боль от надреза" should be "Боль от надреза" (wait, actually correct here), but in phrases like "из-за надреза", it should be "из-за надреза" (nominative in this context). Explanation: Always check the case required by prepositions to avoid grammatical errors.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian medical culture, terms like "инцизия" reflect the influence of Western medical practices, especially from the 19th century when Russian medicine adopted Latin-based terminology. This underscores Russia's historical integration of global scientific advancements, but in everyday life, simpler words like "надрез" are preferred, highlighting a cultural preference for practicality over formality in non-professional settings.

Related Concepts:

• операция (operatsiya)
• хирургия (khirurgiya)
• заражение (zarazhenie)