Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'inalienable'

English Word: inalienable

Key Russian Translations:

• неотъемлемый /nʲɪɐˈtʲjemlʲɪmɨj/ - [Formal, used in legal and philosophical contexts]
• неотчуждаемый /nʲɪɐtʂʊˈʐdɐjɪmɨj/ - [Formal, more specific to property rights]

Frequency: Medium (commonly encountered in formal texts like legal documents or academic discussions, but not in everyday conversation)

Difficulty: B2 (Intermediate, as it involves understanding adjective inflections and formal vocabulary; for 'неотъемлемый', the difficulty is similar, while 'неотчуждаемый' may lean towards B2-C1 due to its specificity)

Pronunciation (Russian):

неотъемлемый: /nʲɪɐˈtʲjemlʲɪmɨj/

Note on неотъемлемый: The stress falls on the third syllable ('tʲjem'), which can be tricky for English speakers due to the palatalized consonants; variations may occur in rapid speech.

неотчуждаемый: /nʲɪɐtʂʊˈʐdɐjɪmɨj/

Note on неотчуждаемый: Pronounce the 'ʐ' as a voiced retroflex fricative, similar to 'zh' in 'measure', but be aware of regional accents that might soften it.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning: Not able to be taken away from or given away by the possessor, often in the context of rights or possessions.

Translation(s) & Context:

• неотъемлемый - Used in formal contexts like human rights declarations or philosophical texts to emphasize inherent qualities.
• неотчуждаемый - Applied specifically in legal contexts, such as property that cannot be transferred.

Usage Examples:

• У всех людей есть неотъемлемые права на жизнь и свободу.

  All people have inalienable rights to life and freedom. (Demonstrates use in a universal human rights context.)

• В конституции закреплены неотъемлемые гражданские свободы.

  The constitution enshrines inalienable civil liberties. (Shows application in legal documents.)

• Этот актив считается неотчуждаемым и не может быть продан.

  This asset is considered inalienable and cannot be sold. (Illustrates property rights in a business setting.)

• Неотъемлемый характер культуры делает её неотделимой от идентичности народа.

  The inalienable nature of culture makes it inseparable from a people's identity. (Highlights philosophical or cultural usage.)

• В контракте указано, что некоторые права являются неотчуждаемыми для сторон.

  The contract states that certain rights are inalienable for the parties involved. (Exemplifies formal agreement language.)

Russian Forms/Inflections:

Both 'неотъемлемый' and 'неотчуждаемый' are adjectives in Russian, which inflect based on gender, number, and case. Russian adjectives follow a regular pattern for most forms, agreeing with the nouns they modify.

These adjectives are regular and do not have irregular inflections, making them straightforward once the basic patterns are learned.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • неизменный (unchanging, but with a connotation of permanence rather than inalienability)
  • неотделимый (inseparable, often used in emotional or relational contexts)
• Antonyms:
  • отчуждаемый (alienable, directly opposite in legal terms)
  • временный (temporary, implying something that can be revoked)

Related Phrases:

• неотъемлемое право - Inalienable right (used in contexts like human rights declarations to denote fundamental entitlements)
• неотчуждаемое имущество - Inalienable property (refers to assets that cannot be transferred, common in inheritance laws)
• неотъемлемая часть - Inalienable part (indicates an essential component that cannot be separated)

Usage Notes:

'Неотъемлемый' is the most direct translation for 'inalienable' in general contexts, especially rights-based ones, and is preferred in formal writing. 'Неотчуждаемый' is more specialized for property or legal transfers. English speakers should note that Russian adjectives must agree in gender, number, and case with the nouns they modify, which has no direct equivalent in English. Use 'неотъемлемый' in philosophical or human rights discussions, but choose 'неотчуждаемый' for contractual language to ensure precision. Avoid overusing these in casual speech, as they are formal.

Common Errors:

• Mistake: Using 'неотъемлемый' without proper inflection, e.g., saying "неотъемлемый права" instead of "неотъемлемые права".
  Correct: Ensure agreement, as in "неотъемлемые права".
  Explanation: Russian requires adjectives to match the noun's gender and number; this error stems from English's lack of inflection.
• Mistake: Confusing with 'неотделимый', leading to misuse like "неотделимый права" for inalienable rights.
  Correct: Use 'неотъемлемый' for rights; 'неотделимый' means inseparable in a physical or emotional sense.
  Explanation: These words have subtle differences; 'неотъемлемый' implies legal permanence, while 'неотделимый' suggests attachment.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture and legal traditions, concepts like 'неотъемлемые права' echo Western ideas from documents such as the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, but they are often framed within Russia's historical context, including Soviet-era interpretations of rights as state-granted rather than inherent. This can lead to nuanced debates in modern Russian discourse about individual versus collective inalienable rights.

Related Concepts:

• права человека (human rights)
• гражданские свободы (civil liberties)
• конституционные гарантии (constitutional guarantees)