Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'indemnify'

English Word: indemnify

Key Russian Translations:

• возмещать [vozmeˈʂʲatʲ] - [Formal, Legal]
• индемнифицировать [indemniˈfʲiʐʲiʐʲavatʲ] - [Formal, Technical, Used in international legal contexts]

Frequency: Medium (This term is common in legal and insurance discussions but not in everyday casual conversation.)

Difficulty: B2 (Intermediate, as it involves legal terminology; for 'возмещать', it's B2, while 'индемнифицировать' may reach C1 for advanced legal learners.)

Pronunciation (Russian):

возмещать: [vozmeˈʂʲatʲ]

индемнифицировать: [indemniˈfʲiʐʲiʐʲavatʲ]

Note on возмещать: The stress falls on the second syllable ('ʂʲatʲ'), and the 'ʂʲ' sound can be challenging for English speakers, similar to the 'sh' in 'she' but palatalized. Variations in informal speech may soften the consonants.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

To compensate for loss or damage (primary legal meaning)

Translation(s) & Context:

• возмещать - Used in formal contracts, insurance claims, or legal agreements to indicate reimbursement for financial losses.
• индемнифицировать - Applied in international business or treaties, emphasizing protection against liability.

Usage Examples:

• Компания обязана возмещать убытки, если договор нарушен.

  The company is obligated to indemnify losses if the contract is breached.

• Страховая фирма индемнифицирует клиента в случае аварии.

  The insurance firm indemnifies the client in the event of an accident.

• Правительство может возмещать затраты на ремонт поврежденного имущества.

  The government may indemnify the costs of repairing damaged property.

• В контракте указано, что поставщик должен индемнифицировать любые убытки от дефектов.

  The contract states that the supplier must indemnify any losses from defects.

• Банк возмещает средства, если транзакция была несанкционированной.

  The bank indemnifies funds if the transaction was unauthorized.

To protect against future harm or liability (extended meaning)

Translation(s) & Context:

• возмещать - In preventive contexts, such as warranties, to ensure future compensation.
• индемнифицировать - Often in formal agreements to safeguard against potential risks.

Usage Examples:

• Договор страхования возмещает риски от природных катастроф.

  The insurance contract indemnifies risks from natural disasters.

• Фирма индемнифицирует сотрудников от юридических исков.

  The firm indemnifies employees against legal claims.

• Политика компании включает возмещение затрат на обучение.

  The company's policy includes indemnifying training expenses.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

Both primary translations are verbs, which follow Russian conjugation patterns. 'Возмещать' is a first-conjugation verb, while 'индемнифицировать' is less common and follows standard patterns for borrowed words. Below is a table for 'возмещать' in the present tense; 'индемнифицировать' has similar but irregular inflections due to its foreign origin.

For 'индемнифицировать', it is less inflected in everyday use and often remains in its base form in legal texts. It does not change irregularly but follows general verb patterns (e.g., present: индемнифицирую, индемнифицируешь). These verbs are invariant in some fixed phrases.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • компенсировать (compensate, often interchangeable but more general)
  • отшкодовать (reimburse, with a focus on direct repayment)
• Antonyms:
  • лишать (deprive, opposite in the context of removing rights or compensation)
  • не возмещать (not to compensate, though not a single word)

Note: 'Компенсировать' is a close synonym but may imply broader financial adjustments, whereas 'возмещать' is more specific to legal indemnity.

Related Phrases:

• возмещать ущерб - To indemnify damage; used in insurance claims to mean covering repair costs.
• индемнифицирующий договор - Indemnifying contract; refers to agreements that protect parties from liability.
• возмещение потерь - Indemnification of losses; a common phrase in business contexts for financial recovery.

Usage Notes:

In Russian, 'возмещать' directly corresponds to 'indemnify' in legal English, emphasizing the act of making good on losses, often in formal settings. Choose 'индемнифицировать' for international or technical contexts to maintain precision, as it's a borrowed term. Be mindful of grammatical aspects: these verbs require the accusative case for objects (e.g., возмещать убытки). In everyday Russian, simpler synonyms like 'компенсировать' might be preferred to avoid overly formal language.

Common Errors:

• Error: Using 'возмещать' interchangeably with 'платить' (to pay), assuming they mean the same in financial contexts. Correct: 'Возмещать' implies compensation for specific losses, not just payment. Example of error: *Я плачу убытки* (incorrect for indemnity). Correct: Я возмещаю убытки. Explanation: 'Платить' is more general and doesn't carry the legal connotation.

• Error: Misconjugating the verb in formal writing, e.g., saying *возмещатьс* instead of *возмещать*. Correct: Ensure proper endings based on person and tense, as shown in the inflections table. Explanation: Russian verbs have strict conjugation rules, and errors here can make the sentence grammatically incorrect.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture and legal systems, concepts like 'возмещать' are heavily influenced by Soviet-era practices, where state entities often handled indemnification for public damages. Today, it reflects a growing emphasis on individual rights in post-Soviet Russia, especially in consumer protection laws, highlighting a shift towards Western-style accountability in business and insurance.

Related Concepts:

• компенсация
• страхование
• убытки