Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'imply'

English Word: imply

Key Russian Translations:

• подразумевать [pədrəˈzumʲɪvətʲ] - [Formal, commonly used in written and spoken contexts for logical inference]
• имплицировать [ɪmplʲɪˈtsʲɪrəvətʲ] - [Formal, technical or academic contexts, less common in everyday speech]

Frequency: Medium (This word is encountered regularly in Russian literature, news, and conversations, but not as frequently as basic everyday verbs.)

Difficulty: B2 (Intermediate; requires understanding of verb conjugations and nuanced meanings. For 'подразумевать', it's B2; for 'имплицировать', it may approach C1 due to its more specialized usage.)

Pronunciation (Russian):

подразумевать: [pədrəˈzumʲɪvətʲ]

имплицировать: [ɪmplʲɪˈtsʲɪrəvətʲ]

Note on подразумевать: The stress falls on the third syllable ('zum'), and the 'й' sound can be tricky for English speakers, often softening to a 'y' glide. Pronunciation may vary slightly in fast speech.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning 1: To suggest or indicate something indirectly without stating it explicitly.

Translation(s) & Context:

• подразумевать - Used in everyday discussions, formal writing, or logical arguments to imply hidden meanings or assumptions.
• имплицировать - Typically in academic, philosophical, or scientific contexts where precision is key, such as in logic or debates.

Usage Examples:

• Его слова подразумевали, что он не согласен с планом. (His words implied that he disagreed with the plan.)

  English Translation: His words implied that he disagreed with the plan. (This example shows 'подразумевать' in a conversational context with indirect suggestion.)

• В этом предложении автор подразумевает скрытую критику. (In this sentence, the author implies a hidden critique.)

  English Translation: In this sentence, the author implies a hidden critique. (Demonstrates use in literary analysis, highlighting nuance.)

• Эта фраза имплицирует логическую связь между двумя идеями. (This phrase implies a logical connection between two ideas.)

  English Translation: This phrase implies a logical connection between two ideas. (Illustrates 'имплицировать' in a formal, academic setting.)

• Тон её голоса подразумевал срочность ситуации. (The tone of her voice implied the urgency of the situation.)

  English Translation: The tone of her voice implied the urgency of the situation. (Shows application in emotional or non-verbal contexts.)

• В контракте имплицируется обязанность своевременной оплаты. (The contract implies an obligation for timely payment.)

  English Translation: The contract implies an obligation for timely payment. (Example of legal or professional usage.)

Meaning 2: To involve or entail as a necessary consequence (more logical sense).

Translation(s) & Context:

• подразумевать - In contexts involving implications in reasoning or consequences, such as in debates or problem-solving.

Usage Examples:

• Это решение подразумевает дополнительные расходы. (This decision implies additional expenses.)

  English Translation: This decision implies additional expenses. (Focuses on consequences in practical scenarios.)

• Его теория подразумевает переосмысление исторических фактов. (His theory implies a rethinking of historical facts.)

  English Translation: His theory implies a rethinking of historical facts. (Shows intellectual or theoretical application.)

Russian Forms/Inflections:

Both primary translations are verbs, so they undergo conjugation based on tense, aspect, person, and number. 'Подразумевать' is a regular imperfective verb, while 'имплицировать' follows similar patterns but is less common and often used in perfective forms derived from it.

For 'подразумевать' (imperfective):

Note: 'Имплицировать' follows a similar conjugation pattern but is irregular in some derived forms. These verbs do not change for gender in the infinitive form but do in the past tense.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • намекать (namakat') - More about hinting subtly, often in casual conversation.
  • предполагать (predpolagat') - Implies assumption or supposition, with a slight difference in certainty.
• Antonyms:
  • отвергать (otvergat') - To deny or reject outright.
  • прямо заявлять (pryamo zayavlyat') - To state directly, without implication.

Related Phrases:

• Подразумевать под этим - Implies "to mean by this" or explain underlying intentions.
• Имплицировать что-то - Means "to imply something," often in logical contexts.
• Скрытый подтекст подразумевать - Refers to "implying a hidden subtext," used in literary or analytical discussions.

Usage Notes:

'Подразумевать' is the most direct equivalent to 'imply' in Russian and is preferred in general contexts, while 'имплицировать' is borrowed from English/Latin and suits formal or technical settings. Be mindful of the imperfective aspect, which emphasizes ongoing or repeated actions. In formal writing, pair it with conjunctions like 'что' (that) for clarity. Choose 'подразумевать' for everyday use and 'имплицировать' when precision in logic is needed.

Common Errors:

• Mistake: Using 'подразумевать' interchangeably with 'предполагать' without considering nuance. Incorrect: Я предполагаю, что он злится (implies assumption without evidence). Correct: Я подразумеваю, что он злится (based on indirect evidence). Explanation: 'Предполагать' means "to assume," which can lead to overgeneralization.
• Mistake: Neglecting verb conjugation in sentences. Incorrect: Он подразумевает вчера (wrong tense). Correct: Он подразумевал вчера (past tense). Explanation: Russian verbs must agree with tense and subject for grammatical accuracy.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, implication (as in 'подразумевать') is often valued in communication, especially in literature and poetry, where indirectness can convey depth or politeness. For instance, in Russian classics like Tolstoy, implied meanings add layers to character interactions, reflecting a cultural preference for subtlety over directness.

Related Concepts:

• намек (namek) - Hint
• подтекст (podtekst) - Subtext
• логический вывод (logicheskiy vyvod) - Logical inference