Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'hypersensitive'

English Word: hypersensitive

Key Russian Translations:

• Гиперчувствительный [ɡʲɪ.pʲɪr.ʧʊf.stʲvʲɪ.tʲe.lʲn.ɨj] - [Formal, Technical; used in medical or psychological contexts]
• Сверхчувствительный [svʲɛrx.ʧʊf.stʲvʲɪ.tʲe.lʲn.ɨj] - [Informal; often in everyday language for heightened sensitivity]

Frequency: Low (This term is not commonly used in everyday Russian conversation but appears in specialized fields like psychology or medicine.)

Difficulty: Advanced (C1; Requires familiarity with compound words and technical vocabulary in Russian, with variations in nuance between translations.)

Pronunciation (Russian):

Гиперчувствительный: [ɡʲɪ.pʲɪr.ʧʊf.stʲvʲɪ.tʲe.lʲn.ɨj]

Сверхчувствительный: [svʲɛrx.ʧʊf.stʲvʲɪ.tʲe.lʲn.ɨj]

Note on Гиперчувствительный: The stress falls on the fourth syllable ("stvʲɪ"), which can be tricky for learners due to the consonant clusters; pronounce it smoothly to avoid sounding unnatural.

Note on Сверхчувствительный: Similar to the first, but the initial "svʲɛrx" prefix may vary slightly in speed based on regional accents, such as in Moscow vs. St. Petersburg dialects.

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Meanings and Usage:

Primary Meaning: Extremely sensitive to physical, emotional, or environmental stimuli (e.g., in psychology or allergies).

Translation(s) & Context:

• Гиперчувствительный - Used in formal, scientific contexts, such as describing a medical condition (e.g., hypersensitivity reactions).
• Сверхчувствительный - Applied in informal or everyday situations, like emotional overreactions in personal relationships.

Usage Examples:

• Он гиперчувствительный к определённым продуктам, поэтому избегает их.

  He is hypersensitive to certain products, so he avoids them.

• Эта сверхчувствительная кожа требует специального ухода в зимнее время.

  This hypersensitive skin requires special care during winter.

• В психологии, гиперчувствительный человек может реагировать на критику слишком эмоционально.

  In psychology, a hypersensitive person may react to criticism too emotionally.

• Дети часто бывают сверхчувствительными к изменениям в окружающей среде.

  Children are often hypersensitive to changes in their environment.

• Гиперчувствительный датчик в устройстве реагирует даже на минимальные колебания.

  The hypersensitive sensor in the device reacts even to minimal fluctuations.

Secondary Meaning: Overly reactive in social or emotional contexts (e.g., easily offended).

Translation(s) & Context:

• Гиперчувствительный - Preferred in professional discussions, such as therapy sessions.
• Сверхчувствительный - More common in casual conversations about personality traits.

Usage Examples:

• Она сверхчувствительная к чужому мнению, что иногда приводит к конфликтам.

  She is hypersensitive to others' opinions, which sometimes leads to conflicts.

• Гиперчувствительный подход к критике может помешать личностному росту.

  A hypersensitive approach to criticism can hinder personal growth.

• В семейных отношениях, сверхчувствительный партнёр нуждается в осторожном общении.

  In family relationships, a hypersensitive partner needs careful communication.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

Both "Гиперчувствительный" and "Сверхчувствительный" are adjectives, which follow standard Russian adjective inflection patterns. They are long-form adjectives and change based on gender, number, and case. Here is a table for "Гиперчувствительный" as an example; "Сверхчувствительный" follows the same rules.

Note: These adjectives are regular and do not have irregular forms, making them straightforward once the pattern is learned.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • Чувствительный (chuvstvitel'nyy) - More general sensitivity; less intense than hypersensitive.
  • Уязвимый (uyazvimyy) - Emotionally vulnerable, often in interpersonal contexts.
• Antonyms:
  • Нечувствительный (nechuvstvitel'nyy) - Insensitive or unresponsive.
  • Устойчивый (ustoychivyy) - Resistant or stable, especially to stimuli.

Related Phrases:

• Гиперчувствительная реакция - A hypersensitive reaction (e.g., in allergies); refers to an exaggerated immune response.
• Сверхчувствительный к критике - Hypersensitive to criticism; commonly used in psychological discussions.
• Быть сверхчувствительным к изменениям - To be hypersensitive to changes; describes adaptability issues in personal growth.

Usage Notes:

"Гиперчувствительный" is a direct cognate of "hypersensitive" and is best used in formal or technical settings, such as medical reports, to maintain precision. In contrast, "Сверхчувствительный" is more versatile for everyday English equivalents and can convey a milder or emotional nuance. Be mindful of context: in Russian, these words often require agreement in gender, number, and case with the noun they modify. For English learners, choose "Гиперчувствительный" when translating literal hypersensitivity (e.g., allergies) and "Сверхчувствительный" for emotional contexts to better match idiomatic Russian expression.

Common Errors:

• Error: Using "Гиперчувствительный" in informal settings without proper inflection, e.g., saying "Он гиперчувствительный" when it should be inflected based on case (e.g., "Он гиперчувствительный к..."). Correct: Ensure agreement, as in "Он гиперчувствителен к критике." Explanation: Russian adjectives must agree with nouns, so beginners often forget this, leading to grammatical errors.

• Error: Confusing it with "Чувствительный," which is less intense; e.g., translating "hypersensitive" as "Чувствительный" in a medical context. Correct: Use "Гиперчувствительный" for the exaggerated sense. Explanation: This dilutes the meaning; always check the intensity level in context.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, terms like "Гиперчувствительный" are often linked to discussions in psychology and literature, influenced by figures like Leo Tolstoy, who explored emotional sensitivity in works such as "Anna Karenina." This reflects a broader cultural emphasis on introspection and emotional depth, where hypersensitivity might be viewed as both a vulnerability and a strength in personal relationships.

Related Concepts:

• Эмоциональный (emotsional'nyy)
• Психологический (psikhologicheskiy)
• Аллергия (allergiya)